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arXiv 0712.2877astro-ph
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人马座A * 的X射线、IR和亚毫米耀斑

An X-ray, IR, and Submillimeter Flare of Sagittarius A*

D. P. Marrone, F. K. Baganoff, M. R. Morris, J. M. Moran, A. M. Ghez, S. D. Hornstein, C. D. Dowell, D. J. Munoz, M. W. Bautz, G. R. Ricker, W. N. Brandt, G. P.… 展开作者

D. P. Marrone, F. K. Baganoff, M. R. Morris, J. M. Moran, A. M. Ghez, S. D. Hornstein, C. D. Dowell, D. J. Munoz, M. W. Bautz, G. R. Ricker, W. N. Brandt, G. P. Garmire, J. R. Lu, K. Matthews, J. -H. Zhao, R. Rao, G. C. Bower

摘要:

在银河系超大质量黑洞人马座A * 中观测到从无线电到X射线波长的高能耀斑。在少数情况下,在红外和X射线观测中发现了同时发生的耀斑,但在较长波长处没有看到清晰的对应物。我们介绍了2006年7月17日钱德拉X射线天文台、凯克II望远镜、加州理工学院亚毫米波天文台和亚毫米波阵列在几个小时内观测到的耀斑。所有的望远镜都观测到了强烈的耀斑事件,但发现亚毫米波峰值发生在X射线峰值之后近100分钟。亚毫米波偏振数据显示,线偏振在多余的耀斑发射,增加从9%到17%的耀斑通过其峰值,从光学厚到薄的同步辐射的过渡一致。耀斑的时间和光谱行为要求负责发射的高能电子比其辐射输出的预期冷却得更快。这与膨胀发射区的绝热冷却一致,X射线是通过自康普顿散射产生的,尽管与这种膨胀的最简单模型不一致。我们还提出了一个亚毫米耀斑,继明亮的红外耀斑在2005年7月31日。与2006年相比,这一事件有更大的峰值红外通量和类似的亚毫米波通量,但它缺乏可测量的X射线发射。它还显示了IR和亚毫米峰之间的较短延迟。基于这些事件,我们提出了一个同步加速器和自康普顿模型的亚毫米滞后和可变IR/X射线光度比。

英文摘要:

Energetic flares are observed in the Galactic supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* from radio to X-ray wavelengths. On a few occasions, simultaneous flares have been detected in IR and X-ray observations, but clear counterparts at longer wavelengths have not been seen. We present a flare observed over several hours on 2006 July 17 with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, the Keck II telescope, the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, and the Submillimeter Array. All telescopes observed strong flare events, but the submillimeter peak is found to occur nearly 100 minutes after the X-ray peak. Submillimeter polarization data show linear polarization in the excess flare emission, increasing from 9% to 17% as the flare passes through its peak, consistent with a transition from optically thick to thin synchrotron emission. The temporal and spectral behavior of the flare require that the energetic electrons responsible for the emission cool faster than expected from their radiative output. This is consistent with adiabatic cooling in an expanding emission region, with X-rays produced through self-Compton scattering, although not consistent with the simplest model of such expansion. We also present a submillimeter flare that followed a bright IR flare on 2005 July 31. Compared to 2006, this event had a larger peak IR flux and similar submillimeter flux, but it lacked measurable X-ray emission. It also showed a shorter delay between the IR and submillimeter peaks. Based on these events we propose a synchrotron and self-Compton model to relate the submillimeter lag and the variable IR/X-ray luminosity ratio.

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