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arXiv 0712.2162astro-phgr-qc
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磁星的相对论模型:结构和形变

Relativistic models of magnetars: structure and deformations

A. Colaiuda, V. Ferrari, L. Gualtieri, J. A. Pons

摘要:

我们用线性方法得到了耦合的爱因斯坦-麦克斯韦方程组的数值解,其中磁场作为球形中子星的扰动。在我们的研究中,磁场被认为是既有极向和环向分量,也包括高阶多极。我们评估不同的场配置引起的变形,特别注意那些恒星具有长球形。我们还探讨了恒星变形的状态方程的特定选择和恒星的质量上的依赖。我们的结果表明,对于质量M = 1.4 Msun,表面磁场为10 ^15 G量级的中子星,四极椭圆率应该为10^(-6)- 10^(-5)量级。低质量的中子星原则上受到较大的变形(在最极端的情况下四极椭圆率可达10^(-3))。四极磁场的效果与偶极分量的效果相当。通常需要一个贯穿整个恒星的磁场来获得负四极椭圆率,而局限于地壳的磁场通常会产生正四极椭圆率。

英文摘要:

We find numerical solutions of the coupled system of Einstein-Maxwell's equations with a linear approach, in which the magnetic field acts as a perturbation of a spherical neutron star. In our study, magnetic fields having both poloidal and toroidal components are considered, and higher order multipoles are also included. We evaluate the deformations induced by different field configurations, paying special attention to those for which the star has a prolate shape. We also explore the dependence of the stellar deformation on the particular choice of the equation of state and on the mass of the star. Our results show that, for neutron stars with mass M = 1.4 Msun and surface magnetic fields of the order of 10^15 G, a quadrupole ellipticity of the order of 10^(-6) - 10^(-5) should be expected. Low mass neutron stars are in principle subject to larger deformations (quadrupole ellipticities up to 10^(-3) in the most extreme case). The effect of quadrupolar magnetic fields is comparable to that of dipolar components. A magnetic field permeating the whole star is normally needed to obtain negative quadrupole ellipticities, while fields confined to the crust typically produce positive quadrupole ellipticities.

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