电磁极化介质中坡印廷矢量的正确定义揭示了负折射是不可能的
Correct Definition of the Poynting Vector in Electrically and Magnetically Polarizable Medium Reveals that Negative Refraction is Impossible
摘要：
我从第一原理计算局部加热率$q$（单位体积每单位时间转换为热量的电磁能量的量）的电磁波在磁性和电极化介质中传播。我发现，在磁性介质中，这个速率有两个独立的贡献，$q^{(V)}$和$q^{(S)}$，第一个来自介质的体积，第二个来自其表面。我认为，热力学第二定律要求的体积贡献是积极的，这一要求，反过来，禁止负折射。这一结果适用于有源或无源介质，并在各向异性和空间色散的存在。
英文摘要：
I compute from first principles the local heating rate $q$ (the amount of electromagnetic energy converted to heat per unit time per unit volume) for electromagnetic waves propagating in magnetically and electrically polarizable media. I find that, in magnetic media, this rate has two separate contributions, $q^{(V)}$ and $q^{(S)}$, the first coming from the volume of the medium and the second from its surface. I argue that the second law of thermodynamics requires that the volume contribution be positive and that this requirement, in turn, prohibits negative refraction. This result holds for active or passive media and in the presence of anisotropy and spatial dispersion.
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