Leonard S. Kisslinger, Ernest M. Henley, Mikkel B. Johnson
We use a model with two sterile neutrinos obtained by fits to the MiniBoone and LSND experiments. Using formulations with neutrinos created by URCA Processes in a strong magnetic field, so the lowest Landau level has a sizable probability, we find that with known paramenters the assymetric sterile neutrino emissivity might account for large pulsar kicks.
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The observed velocities of pulsars suggest the possibility that sterile neutrinos with mass of several keV are emitted from a cooling neutron star. The same sterile neutrinos could constitute all or part of cosmological dark matter. The neutrino-driven kicks can exhibit delays depending on the mass and the mixing angle, which can be compared with the pulsar data. We discuss the allowed ranges of sterile neutrino parameters, consistent with the latest cosmological and X-ray bounds, which can explain the pulsar kicks for different delay times.
We show that a sterile neutrino with mass in the 1-20 keV range and a small mixing with the electron neutrino can simultaneously explain the origin of the pulsar motions and the dark matter in the universe. An asymmetric neutrino emission from a hot nascent neutron star can be the explanation of the observed pulsar velocities. In addition to the pulsar kick mechanism based on resonant neutrino transitions, we point out a new possibility: an asymmetric off-resonant emission of sterile neutrinos. The two cases correspond to different values of the masses and mixing angles. In both cases we ident…
The observed velocities of radio pulsars, which range in the hundreds kilometers per second, and many of which exceed 1000 km/s, are not explained by the standard physics of the supernova explosion. However, if a sterile neutrino with mass in the 1-20 keV range exists, it would be emitted asymmetrically from a cooling neutron star, which could give it a sufficient recoil to explain the pulsar motions. The same particle can be the cosmological dark mater. Future observations of X-ray telescopes and gravitational wave detectors can confirm or rule out this explanation.
We derive the energy asymmetry given the proto-neutron star during the time when the neutrino sphere is near the surface of the proto-neutron star, using the modified URCA process. The electrons produced with the anti-neutrinos are in Landau levels due to the strong magnetic field, and this leads to asymmetry in the neutrino momentum, and a pulsar kick. The magnetic field must be strong enough for a large fraction of the eletrons to be in the lowest Landau level, however, there is no direct dependence of our pulsar velocity on the strength of the magnetic field. Our main prediction is that the…
Neutrino oscillations in a core-collapse supernova may be responsible for the observed rapid motions of pulsars. Given the present bounds on the neutrino masses, the pulsar kicks require a sterile neutrino with mass 2-20 keV and a small mixing with active neutrinos. The same particle can be the cosmological dark matter. Its existence can be confirmed the by the X-ray telescopes if they detect a 1-10 keV photon line from the decays of the relic sterile neutrinos. In addition, one may be able to detect gravity waves from a pulsar being accelerated by neutrinos in the event of a nearby supernova.
Space-based instruments provide new and, in some cases, unique opportunities to search for dark matter. In particular, if dark matter comprises sterile neutrinos, the x ray detection of their decay line is the most promising strategy for discovery. Sterile neutrinos with masses in the keV range could solve several long-standing astrophysical puzzles, from supernova asymmetries and the pulsar kicks to star formation, reionization, and baryogenesis. The best current limits on sterile neutrinos come from Chandra and XMM-Newton. Future advances can be achieved with a high-resolution x-ray spectrom…
It is well established that active-sterile neutrino oscillations generate large neutrino asymmetries for very small mixing angles ($\sin^2 2θ_0\lesssim 10^{-4}$), negative values of $δm^2$ and provided that $|δm^2|\gtrsim 10^{-4} {\rm eV^2}$. By numerically solving the quantum kinetic equations, we show that the generation still occurs at much lower values of $|δm^2|$. We also describe the borders of the generation at small mixing angles and show how our numerical results can be analytically understood within the framework of the Landau-Zener approximation thereby extending previous work based…
Dark matter has been recognized as an essential part of matter for over 70 years now, and many suggestions have been made, what it could be. Most of these ideas have centered on Cold Dark Matter, particles that are predicted in extensions of standard particle physics, such as supersymmetry. Here we explore the concept that dark matter is sterile neutrinos, particles that are commonly referred to as Warm Dark Matter. Such particles have keV masses, and decay over a very long time, much longer than the Hubble time. In their decay they produce X-ray photons which modify the ionization balance in …
A convincing explanation for the observed pulsar large peculiar velocities is still missing. We argue that any viable particle physics solution would most likely involve the resonant production of a non-interacting neutrino $ν_s$ of mass $m_{ν_s}\sim 20$--50 keV. We propose a model where anisotropic magnetic field configurations strongly bias the resonant spin flavour precession of tau antineutrinos into $ν_s$. For internal magnetic fields $B_{int} \gsim 10^{15}$ G a $\barν_τ$-$ν_s$ transition magnetic moment of the order of $10^{-12}$ Bohr magnetons is required. The asymmetric emission of $ν_…
We present results of our search for X-ray line emission associated with the radiative decay of the sterile neutrino, a well-motivated dark matter candidate, in Suzaku Observatory spectra of the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxy. These data represent the first deep observation of one of these extreme mass-to-light systems and the first dedicated dark matter search using an X-ray telescope. No such emission line is positively detected, and we place new constraints on the combination of the sterile neutrino mass and the active-sterile neutrino oscillation mixing angle. Line flux upper limits ar…
Neutrino oscillations in a core-collapse supernova may be responsible for the observed rapid motions of pulsars. Three-dimensional numerical calculations show that, in the absence of neutrino oscillations, the recoil velocities of neutron stars should not exceed 200 km/s, while there exists a substantial population of pulsars that move faster than 1000 km/s. A small asymmetry in the neutrino emission may be the solution of this long-standing puzzle. Such an asymmetry could arise from neutrino oscillations, but, given the present bounds on the neutrino masses, the pulsar kicks require a sterile…
The breakdown of Lorentz's and CPT invariance, as described by the Extension of the Standard Model, gives rise to a modification of the dispersion relation of particles. Consequences of such a modification are reviewed in the framework of pulsar kicks induced by neutrino oscillations (active-sterile conversion). A peculiar feature of the modified energy-momentum relations is the occurrence of terms of the form $δ{\bbox Π}\cdot {\bf {\hat p}}$, where $δ{\bbox Π}$ accounts for the difference of spatial components of flavor depending coefficients which lead to the departure of the Lorentz symmetr…
In proto-neutron stars with strong magnetic fields, the cross section for $ν_e$ ($\barν_e$) absorption on neutrons (protons) depends on the local magnetic field strength due to the quantization of energy levels for the $e^-$ ($e^+$) produced in the final state. If the neutron star possesses an asymmetric magnetic field topology in the sense that the magnitude of magnetic field in the north pole is different from that in the south pole, then asymmetric neutrino emission may be generated. We calculate the absorption cross sections of $\nue$ and $\bnue$ in strong magnetic fields as a function of …
Sterile neutrinos with keV masses can constitute all or part of the cosmological dark matter. The electroweak-singlet fermions, which are usually introduced to explain the masses of active neutrinos, need not be heavier than the electroweak scale; if one of them has a keV-scale mass, it can be the dark-matter particle, and it can also explain the observed pulsar kicks. The relic sterile neutrinos could be produced by several different mechanisms. If they originate primarily from the Higgs decays at temperatures of the order of 100 GeV, the resulting dark matter is much ``colder'' than the warm…
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