弱束缚杂原子二聚体的碰撞性质
Collisional properties of weakly bound heteronuclear dimers
摘要：
我们考虑了在两种原子混合物中形成的弱束缚异质结分子（二聚体）的碰撞性质。我们专注于含有轻费米子原子的二聚体，因为它们表现出碰撞稳定性，由于一个有效的二聚体二聚体排斥起源于交换的轻原子。为了解决二聚体-二聚体散射问题，我们开发了一种理论方法，它提供了一个物理上透明的和定量的描述，这四个原子系统的三体和两体观测。我们计算了弹性散射振幅和非弹性过程的速率，如三聚体的形成和二聚体的弛豫到深束缚的分子状态。不管重原子是玻色子还是费米子，非弹性碰撞的速率都可以明显低于弹性碰撞的速率。此外，非弹性率是一个四体可观测量，测量可以是一个有效的和精确的工具，确定三体可观测量，如三体参数，位置的Efimov状态和它们的寿命。
英文摘要：
We consider collisional properties of weakly bound heteronuclear molecules (dimers) formed in a two-species mixture of atoms with a large mass difference. We focus on dimers containing light fermionic atoms as they manifest collisional stability due to an effective dimer-dimer repulsion originating from the exchange of the light atoms. In order to solve the dimer-dimer scattering problem we develop a theoretical approach, which provides a physically transparent and quantitative description of this four-atom system in terms of three- and two-body observables. We calculate the elastic scattering amplitude and the rates of inelastic processes such as the trimer formation and the relaxation of dimers into deeply bound molecular states. Irrespective of whether the heavy atoms are bosons or fermions, the inelastic rate can be significantly lower than the rate of elastic collisions. Moreover, the measurement of the inelastic rate which is a four-body observable, can be an efficient and precise tool for determining three-body observables such as the three-body parameter, positions of Efimov states and their lifetimes.
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