arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 0711.4575astro-phphysics.space-ph
收藏

地球变化重力场的岁差、章动和空间大地测量测定

Precession, nutation, and space geodetic determination of the Earth's variable gravity field

G. Bourda, N. Capitaine

摘要:

地球的岁差和章动取决于地球的动力学扁率H,而扁率H又与地球位的二阶纬向系数J2密切相关。人造卫星的精确测量(Nerem等人,1993年; Cazenave等人,1995年)发现,这一系数有一个小的长期下降和季节性变化,在模拟岁差和章动时必须考虑到这一点,以便与目前VLBI测定地球方位参数的精度相一致。然而,这些J2变化的理论模型中的巨大不确定性(例如,观测到的长期趋势的最近变化)是岁差章动模型精度有限的最重要原因之一(Williams 1994; Capitaine et al. 2003)。本文研究了利用空间大地测量技术观测到的J2的变化如何影响岁差和章动的理论表达式。利用1985 - 2002年几颗人造卫星精密定轨的J2时间序列,分析了H的常数、长期和周期分量对J2的影响,并讨论了考虑观测变化的最佳方法。我们的结论是,虽然一个现实的估计J2率必须依赖于不仅在有限的时间内空间大地测量观测,但也对其他类型的观测,在J2的周期性变化的监测可用于预测的影响,对周期的岁差章动运动的一部分。

英文摘要:

Precession and nutation of the Earth depend on the Earth's dynamical flattening, H, which is closely related to the second degree zonal coefficient, J2 of the geopotential. A small secular decrease as well as seasonal variations of this coefficient have been detected by precise measurements of artificial satellites (Nerem et al. 1993; Cazenave et al. 1995) which have to be taken into account for modelling precession and nutation at a microarcsecond accuracy in order to be in agreement with the accuracy of current VLBI determinations of the Earth orientation parameters. However, the large uncertainties in the theoretical models for these J2 variations (for example a recent change in the observed secular trend) is one of the most important causes of why the accuracy of the precession-nutation models is limited (Williams 1994; Capitaine et al. 2003). We have investigated in this paper how the use of the variations of J2 observed by space geodetic techniques can influence the theoretical expressions for precession and nutation. We have used time series of J2 obtained by the "Groupe de Recherches en Géodésie spatiale" (GRGS) from the precise orbit determination of several artificial satellites from 1985 to 2002 to evaluate the effect of the corresponding constant, secular and periodic parts of H and we have discussed the best way of taking the observed variations into account. We have concluded that, although a realistic estimation of the J2 rate must rely not only on space geodetic observations over a limited period but also on other kinds of observations, the monitoring of periodic variations in J2 could be used for predicting the effects on the periodic part of the precession-nutation motion.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑