形式语言在观察概念中的表达限度
The Expressional Limits of Formal Languages in the Notion of Observation
摘要：
在这篇文章中，我处理的概念，观察在最基本的意义上，其代表性的形式语言作为表达工具的形式公理理论。在这样做的时候，我在两个不同的背景下采用了这个概念。首先，它是一个认识论的概念，指的是它在形式数学环境中的解释，然后是它在量子力学环境中的解释。我试图探讨观察概念的第二个背景，是一种现象学的构成，基本上就像E。胡塞尔的原创作品假设在现象学构造中数学对象是知觉对象的特殊情况，因而也包括量子力学测量的对象，那么问题就在于探究用形式公理化理论的语言来描述它们的限度。一方面，我推导出一种不可还原的可观察物，作为不可分解的原子，在形式表征中没有任何进一步的句法内容;另一方面，我推导出一种超越性的连续底层，它自我构成为一种不可断言的合成统一体，在这种统一体上定义一个观察框架，并生成一个谓词性的话语宇宙。
英文摘要：
In this article I deal with the notion of observation in the most fundamental sense and its representation by means of formal languages serving as expressional tools of formal-axiomatical theories. In doing so, I have taken this notion in two diverse contexts. In the first as an epistemic notion that refers to its interpretation in a formal mathematical environment and then to its interpretation in a quantum mechanical environment. The second context in which I tried to approach the notion of observation is that of a phenomenological constitution basically as it is described in E. Husserl's original works. Assuming that in phenomenological constitution mathematical objects are special cases of perceptual objects including consequently objects of a quantum mechanical measurement, the question is to inquire on the limits of their description in the language of a formal-axiomatical theory. On one hand, I derive an irreducibility on the level of observables as indecomposable atoms without any further syntactical content in formal representation and on the other a transcendence of a continuous substratum self-constituted as a kind of impredicative synthetic unity on which to define an observational frame and generate a predicative universe of discourse.
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