伽玛暴基本常数随时间变化的约束条件
Constraints on temporal variation of fundamental constants from GRBs
摘要：
当中心恒星密度超过临界值时，由中子星祖先形成的奇异星或混合星被认为会发生。如果从强子到夸克物质的跃迁是一阶的，那么这个事件必须在很短的时间内释放出巨大的能量，即使它离我们很远，我们也能够观察到这种现象;最有可能的是，这种剧烈的夸克解除禁闭至少与观测到的伽马射线暴的一小部分有关。如果我们允许像$Λ_{QCD}$或$G_N$这样的基本常数随时间变化，我们可以预期，初始中心密度刚好低于临界值的中子星可以进入奇异星或混合星是真正基态的区域。从观测到的长伽马射线暴的速率，我们能够推导出约束$\dot{G}_N/G_N \lesssim 10^{-17} {\rm yr^{-1}}$，这是约5个数量级更严格的比以前最强的界限上可能增加$G_N$。
英文摘要：
The formation of a strange or hybrid star from a neutron star progenitor is believed to occur when the central stellar density exceeds a critical value. If the transition from hadron to quark matter is of first order, the event has to release a huge amount of energy in a very short time and we would be able to observe the phenomenon even if it is at cosmological distance far from us; most likely, such violent quark deconfinement would be associated with at least a fraction of the observed gamma ray bursts. If we allow for temporal variations of fundamental constants like $Λ_{QCD}$ or $G_N$, we can expect that neutron stars with an initial central density just below the critical value can enter into the region where strange or hybrid stars are the true ground state. From the observed rate of long gamma ray bursts, we are able to deduce the constraint $\dot{G}_N/G_N \lesssim 10^{-17} {\rm yr^{-1}}$, which is about 5 orders of magnitude more stringent than the strongest previous bounds on a possible increasing $G_N$.
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