星系团引力透镜的真实模拟：从模拟DUNE图像中提取弧参数
Realistic simulations of gravitational lensing by galaxy clusters: extracting arc parameters from mock DUNE images
摘要：
我们提出了一个新开发的代码，允许模拟的光学观测星系领域的各种仪器。该代码结合了引力透镜效应，并针对模拟透镜的星系团。我们的目标是创建所需的工具，比较理论预期与观测，以更好地了解观测噪声如何影响透镜的应用，如质量估计，星系团和弧统计的内部属性的研究。从一组输入参数开始，表征仪器和观测条件，模拟器提供对天空的虚拟观测。它包括几个噪声源，如光子噪声，天空背景，视宁度和仪器噪声。通过模拟质量分布的光线追踪解释了引力透镜。源形态逼真地模拟基于shapelet分解的星系图像检索GOODS-ACS档案。根据它们的形态类，光谱能量分布被分配到源星系，以再现每个星系在任意光度带的观测。我们说明了我们的技术，显示虚拟观测的星系团核心，因为它会观察到的空间望远镜DUNE，这是最近提出的欧空局在其“宇宙视野”方案。（节录）
英文摘要：
We present a newly developed code that allows simulations of optical observations of galaxy fields with a variety of instruments. The code incorporates gravitational lensing effects and is targetted at simulating lensing by galaxy clusters. Our goal is to create the tools required for comparing theoretical expectations with observations to obtain a better understanding of how observational noise affects lensing applications such as mass estimates, studies on the internal properties of galaxy clusters and arc statistics. Starting from a set of input parameters, characterizing both the instruments and the observational conditions, the simulator provides a virtual observation of a patch of the sky. It includes several sources of noise such as photon-noise, sky background, seeing, and instrumental noise. Ray-tracing through simulated mass distributions accounts for gravitational lensing. Source morphologies are realistically simulated based on shapelet decompositions of galaxy images retrieved from the GOODS-ACS archive. According to their morphological class, spectral-energy-distributions are assigned to the source galaxies in order to reproduce observations of each galaxy in arbitrary photometric bands. We illustrate our techniques showing virtual observations of a galaxy-cluster core as it would be observed with the space telescope DUNE, which was recently proposed to ESA within its "Cosmic vision" programme. (Abridged)
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