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arXiv 0711.2804astro-ph
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从Auger的初步结果看伽马射线暴和超高能宇宙射线的Blazar AGN起源

On Gamma Ray Burst and Blazar AGN Origins of the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays in Light of First Results from Auger

Charles D. Dermer

摘要:

HiRes和Auger天文台对GZK截止点的发现以及Auger对沿超银道面向附近<~75 Mpc活动星系核聚集的>~60 EeV超高能宇宙射线(UHECR)的发现,确立了UHECR的天体物理起源。UHECR的可能来源是伽马射线暴和射电噪声活动星系核,因为:(1)它们是河外的;(2)它们足够强大;(3)在相对论喷出物中可以实现超高能加速;(4)异常的X射线和伽玛射线特征可以用相对论冲击波中的非热强子加速来解释;(5)源位于GZK半径内。两个参数的加速UHE的,并限制UHECR离子加速。UHECR离子被证明是能够生存没有光致衰变,而通过活动星系核散射辐射场,即使在宽线区域深发射。整个宇宙时间的UHECR注入符合UHECR的测量能谱,至少对质子来说是这样。本地UHECR质子和离子的相互作用和能量损失平均自由程计算使用经验拟合河外背景光(EBL)在红外和光学能量。最小星系际磁场(IGM)~ 1 e-11 G是从假设特定源起源的聚类中得出的,例如,Cen A,附近的活动星系核,或用俄歇观测到的超级GZK CRs的伽玛暴。除了大面阵空间望远镜(GLAST)需要观测到的宇宙线感生γ射线特征外,源中微子和GZK中微子的探测以及UHECR到达的方向和时间分布可以最终确定最高能量的宇宙射线的来源。

英文摘要:

The discoveries of the GZK cutoff with the HiRes and Auger Observatories and the discovery by Auger of clustering of >~60 EeV ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) towards nearby <~75 Mpc) AGNs along the supergalactic plane establishes the astrophysical origin of the UHECRs. The likely sources of the UHECRs are gamma-ray bursts and radio-loud AGNs because: (1) they are extragalactic; (2) they are sufficiently powerful; (3) acceleration to ultra-high energies can be achieved in their relativistic ejecta; (4) anomalous X-ray and gamma-ray features can be explained by nonthermal hadron acceleration in relativistic blast waves; and (5) sources reside within the GZK radius. Two arguments for acceleration to UHE are presented, and limits on UHECR ion acceleration are set. UHECR ions are shown to be able to survive without photodisintegrating while passing through the AGN scattered radiation field, even if launched deep in the broad line region. UHECR injection throughout cosmic time fits the measured energy spectrum of UHECRs, at least for protons. Local UHECR proton and ion interaction and energy-loss mean free paths are calculated using an empirical fit to the extragalactic background light (EBL) at IR and optical energies. Minimum intergalactic magnetic (IGM) fields ~1e-11 G are derived from clustering assuming specific source origins, e.g., Cen A, nearby AGNs, or GRBs for the super-GZK CRs seen with Auger. Besides distinct cosmic-ray induced gamma-ray signatures that should be observed with the Gamma ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), source and GZK neutrino detections and the arrival distribution of UHECR in direction and time can finally decide the sources of cosmic rays at the highest energies.

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