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arXiv 0711.2222astro-ph
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X射线余辉光变曲线:朝向标准烛光?

X-ray afterglow light curves : toward standard candle ?

B. Gendre, A. Galli, M. Boer

摘要:

我们研究了在X射线和可见光波长下观察到的余辉光变曲线的聚集现象。我们构造了61个已知距离和X射线余辉的爆发样本。该样本包括BeppoSAX、XMM-Newton、Chandra和SWIFT观测到的爆发。我们校正了宇宙学效应的光变曲线,并比较了爆发后一天观测到的X射线通量。我们检查所观察到的流量和突发的光谱和时间属性之间的相关性。我们证实了Boer和Gendre(2000)的结论,即X射线余辉光变曲线在亮度上是成簇的,即使考虑最后的SWIFT数据也是如此。我们只观察到这种聚集的余辉光变曲线,包括与荧光相关的数据扩大了分布。光学光变曲线也有类似的聚集现象,伽玛暴源可分为三类,即光学和X射线亮余辉、光学和X射线暗余辉以及光学亮-X射线暗余辉。我们认为这种聚集与火球的总能量、外部介质密度、火球能量在相对论电子和磁场中所占的比例有关。这些参数可以固定为标准值,也可以相互关联。最后,我们提出了一种根据暴后一天观测到的X射线通量和光学性质估算伽玛暴源红移的方法。用这种方法计算了GRB 980519和GRB 040827的红移分别为1.4 ± 0.2和1.9 ± 0.3。我们测试了这种方法在最近检测到的三个SWIFT伽玛暴已知的红移,并发现它在很好的协议与报告的距离从光学光谱。

英文摘要:

We investigate the clustering of afterglow light curves observed at X-ray and optical wavelengths. We have constructed a sample of 61 bursts with known dis tance and X-ray afterglow. This sample includes bursts observed by BeppoSAX, XMM-Newton, Chandra, and SWIFT. We correct the light curves for cosmological ef fects and compare the observed X-ray fluxes one day after the burst. We check for correlations between the observed flux and the burst spectral and temporal properties. We confirm the previous result of Boer and Gendre (2000) that X-ray afterglow light curves cluster in luminosity, even when we consider the l ast SWIFT data. We observe this clustering only for the afterglow light curves; the inclusion of prompt-related data broaden the distribution. A similar clu stering is observed for the optical light curves; GRB sources can be divided in three classes, namely optical and X-ray bright afterglows, optical and X-ray dim ones, and optically bright -X-ray dim ones. We argue that this clustering is related to the fireball total energy, the external medium density, the fraction of fireball energy going in relativistic electrons and magnetic fields. These parameters can be either fixed to a standard va lue, or correlated. We finally propose a method for the estimation of the GRB source redshift based on the observed X-ray flux one day after the burst and optical properties. Using this method, we compute a redshift of 1.4 +/- 0.2 for GRB 980519 and of 1.9 \+/- 0.3 for GRB 040827. We tested this method on three recently detected SWIFT GRBs with known redshift, and found it in good agreement with the reported distance from optical spectroscopy .

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