原行星尘埃凝聚物II的物理学。低速碰撞特性
The Physics of Protoplanetesimal Dust Agglomerates II. Low Velocity Collision Properties
摘要：
为了研究原行星尘埃聚集体之间的碰撞，我们进行了微重力实验，其中可以研究2.5厘米大小的高孔隙度尘埃聚集体的高孔隙度毫米级尘埃聚集体的影响。粉尘聚集体由微米级粉尘颗粒组成，并通过随机弹道沉积产生，孔隙率在85%和93%之间。撞击速度范围从~0.1 m/s到~3 m/s，撞击角度几乎随机分布。我们还使用“模制”目标聚集体，使得局部表面曲率的半径对应于抛射体半径。实验表明，到最高孔隙率的目标的影响几乎总是导致粘附，而对于较少的多孔粉尘聚集体，与中等速度和高冲击角的碰撞导致反弹的弹丸与质量转移从目标到弹丸聚集体。粘附概率的影响到“成型”的目标聚集体大大减少。对于光滑目标的影响，我们测量了侵入的深度和火山口的体积，并可以得出一些有趣的动力学性质，这可以帮助导出一个碰撞模型的原行星尘埃聚集体。未来的原行星盘聚集体增长模型应考虑非中心碰撞、碰撞压缩、局部曲率半径对碰撞结果的影响以及非粘附碰撞中靶和抛射体聚集体之间可能的质量传递。
英文摘要：
For the investigation of collisions among protoplanetesimal dust aggregates, we performed microgravity experiments in which the impacts of high-porosity mm-sized dust aggregates into 2.5 cm-sized high-porosity dust aggregates can be studied. The dust aggregates consisted of micrometer-sized dust grains and were produced by random ballistic deposition with porosities between 85% and 93%. Impact velocities ranged from ~0.1 m/s to ~3 m/s and impact angles were almost randomly distributed. We also used "molded" target aggregates such that the radii of the local surface curvatures corresponded to the projectile radii. The experiments showed that impacts into the highest-porosity targets almost always led to sticking, whereas for the less porous dust aggregates, the collisions with intermediate velocities and high impact angles resulted in the bouncing of the projectile with a mass transfer from the target to the projectile aggregate. Sticking probabilities for the impacts into the "molded" target aggregates were considerably decreased. For the impacts into smooth targets, we measured the depth of intrusion and the crater volume and could derive some interesting dynamical properties which can help to derive a collision model for protoplanetesimal dust aggregates. Future models of the aggregate growth in protoplanetary disks should take into account non-central impacts, impact compression, the influence of the local radius of curvature on the collisional outcome and the possible mass transfer between target and projectile agglomerates in non-sticking collisions.
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