超宽带电磁脉冲下人眼暴露量的FDTD计算
FDTD Computation of Human Eye Exposure to Ultra-wideband Electromagnetic Pulses
摘要：
随着超宽带（UWB）电磁脉冲在通信、雷达、生物技术和医学等领域应用的增加，UWB暴露安全标准引起了人们的兴趣。尽管增加了对暴露于非电离UWB脉冲的生物效应的科学研究，这些影响的表征还远未完成。一个数值计算方法，如时域有限差分法（FDTD），需要可视化和理解的宽带电磁相互作用的复杂性。时域有限差分法对模拟材料的几何和色散特性的描述几乎没有限制，具有数值鲁棒性，适合当前的计算机技术。在本文中，一个完整的计算暴露于UWB电磁脉冲的频率范围为3.1-10.6，22-29，和57-64 GHz的人眼进行。在这个频率范围内的计算需要$\rm 0.1 \: mm$的眼睛的几何分辨率和任意精度的描述其介电性能的德拜模型。新的结果表明，UWB脉冲与眼组织的相互作用表现出与连续电磁波（CW）与脉冲的频谱中的频率的相互作用相同的特性。它还表明，在相同的曝光条件下，暴露于UWB脉冲是从一个到多个数量级的安全比暴露于CW。
英文摘要：
With an increase in the application of ultra-wideband (UWB) electromagnetic pulses in the communications industry, radar, biotechnology and medicine, comes an interest in UWB exposure safety standards. Despite an increase of the scientific research on bioeffects of exposure to non-ionizing UWB pulses, characterization of those effects is far from complete. A numerical computational approach, such as a finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method, is required to visualize and understand the complexity of broadband electromagnetic interactions. The FDTD method has almost no limits in the description of the geometrical and dispersive properties of the simulated material, it is numerically robust and appropriate for current computer technology. In this paper, a complete calculation of exposure of the human eye to UWB electromagnetic pulses in the frequency range of 3.1-10.6, 22-29, and 57-64 GHz is performed. Computation in this frequency range required a geometrical resolution of the eye of $\rm 0.1 \: mm$ and an arbitrary precision in the description of its dielectric properties in terms of the Debye model. New results show that the interaction of UWB pulses with the eye tissues exhibits the same properties as the interaction of the continuous electromagnetic waves (CW) with the frequencies from the pulse's frequency spectrum. It is also shown that under the same exposure conditions the exposure to UWB pulses is from one to many orders of magnitude safer than the exposure to CW.
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