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arXiv 0711.0657astro-ph
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拱门星团中质量最大的恒星

The most massive stars in the Arches cluster

F. Martins, D. J. Hillier, T. Paumard, F. Eisenhauer, T. Ott, R. Genzel

摘要:

我们研究了一个由拱门星团中28颗最亮的恒星组成的样本。我们分析了VLT上的积分场谱仪SINFONI获得的K波段谱。用CMFGEN程序计算的大气模式被用来导出有效温度、光度、恒星丰度、质量损失率和风的终极速度。我们发现我们样本中的恒星要么是富氢的WN 7 -9星(WN 7 - 9 h),要么是O超巨星,其中两颗被归类为OIf+。所有恒星都有2-4百万年的历史。在最大质量的恒星中,有少量证据表明它们的年龄更小。WN 7 - 9 h恒星的光度达到2 x 1 e6 Lsun,与初始质量约120 Msun一致。它们仍然是相当H-丰富,但显示N增强和C耗尽。因此,它们被确定为核心燃烧氢的物体,在其表面显示出CNO平衡的产物。它们的祖先很可能是光谱类型早于O 4 -6的超巨星,初始质量大于60 Msun。它们的风遵循一个定义良好的修正的风动量-光度关系(WLR):这是一个强烈的迹象,表明它们是辐射驱动的。恒星的丰度倾向于稍微超过太阳的金属丰度,至少对最轻的金属来说是这样。然而,我们注意到,进化模型似乎低估了N富集的程度。

英文摘要:

We study a sample composed of 28 of the brightest stars in the Arches cluster. We analyze K-band spectra obtained with the integral field spectrograph SINFONI on the VLT. Atmosphere models computed with the code CMFGEN are used to derive the effective temperatures, luminosities, stellar abundances, mass loss rates and wind terminal velocities. We find that the stars in our sample are either H-rich WN7-9 stars (WN7-9h) or O supergiants, two being classified as OIf+. All stars are 2-4 Myr old. There is marginal evidence for a younger age among the most massive stars. The WN7-9h stars reach luminosities as large as 2 x 1e6 Lsun, consistent with initial masses of ~ 120 Msun. They are still quite H-rich, but show both N enhancement and C depletion. They are thus identified as core H-burning objects showing products of the CNO equilibrium at their surface. Their progenitors are most likely supergiants of spectral types earlier than O4-6 and initial masses > 60 Msun. Their winds follow a well defined modified wind momentum - luminosity relation (WLR): this is a strong indication that they are radiatively driven. Stellar abundances tend to favor a slightly super solar metallicity, at least for the lightest metals. We note however that the evolutionary models seem to under-predict the degree of N enrichment.

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