基础物理学和量子技术的天基研究
Space-based research in fundamental physics and quantum technologies
摘要：
今天的天基实验能够以独特的方式解决与基本自然法则有关的重要问题。特别是高精度的空间物理实验，可以检验相对论引力，探索标准模型之外的物理，可以直接探测引力波，自然适合于宇宙学和天体粒子物理的精密研究。此外，原子物理学最近在光学钟和原子干涉仪的研制方面也显示出实质性的进展。如果放置在太空中，这些仪器可以变成强大的高分辨率量子传感器，大大有利于基础物理学。我们讨论了基础物理空间研究的现状，它的发现潜力，以及它对现代科学的重要性。我们提供了一套建议，供即将举行的国家科学院天文学和天体物理学十年调查考虑。我们认为，十年调查应将基础物理学的天基研究作为其重点领域之一。我们建议建立一个天文学和天体物理学咨询委员会的跨部门“基础物理工作队”，以评估该领域地面和空间工作的现状，确定最重要的目标，并提出组织几个联邦机构工作的最佳方法。我们还建议在基础物理学领域建立一个新的由NASA领导的跨部门计划，该计划将巩固新技术，为未来的太空任务准备关键仪器，并建立一个强大的科学和工程社区。我们的目标是扩大美国宇航局在太空中的科学目标，将"基础物理实验室研究"作为该机构正在进行的太空研究工作的一个组成部分。
英文摘要：
Space-based experiments today can uniquely address important questions related to the fundamental laws of Nature. In particular, high-accuracy physics experiments in space can test relativistic gravity and probe the physics beyond the Standard Model; they can perform direct detection of gravitational waves and are naturally suited for precision investigations in cosmology and astroparticle physics. In addition, atomic physics has recently shown substantial progress in the development of optical clocks and atom interferometers. If placed in space, these instruments could turn into powerful high-resolution quantum sensors greatly benefiting fundamental physics. We discuss the current status of space-based research in fundamental physics, its discovery potential, and its importance for modern science. We offer a set of recommendations to be considered by the upcoming National Academy of Sciences' Decadal Survey in Astronomy and Astrophysics. In our opinion, the Decadal Survey should include space-based research in fundamental physics as one of its focus areas. We recommend establishing an Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee's interagency ``Fundamental Physics Task Force'' to assess the status of both ground- and space-based efforts in the field, to identify the most important objectives, and to suggest the best ways to organize the work of several federal agencies involved. We also recommend establishing a new NASA-led interagency program in fundamental physics that will consolidate new technologies, prepare key instruments for future space missions, and build a strong scientific and engineering community. Our goal is to expand NASA's science objectives in space by including ``laboratory research in fundamental physics'' as an element in agency's ongoing space research efforts.
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