相互作用和非相互作用原子气体的超冷混合物中的分子形成
Molecular formations in ultracold mixtures of interacting and noninteracting atomic gases
摘要：
在准化学平衡理论的框架下，讨论了玻色子-费米子、费米子-费米子和玻色子-玻色子混合超冷原子气体分子形成过程的原子-分子平衡。介绍后的一般配方，零温度相图的原子-分子平衡态的分析计算，分子，混合，和解离相显示出现的分子的结合能的变化。数值计算了原子或分子密度随温度的变化关系，得到了混合物中原子-分子平衡的有限温度相结构。根据这些结果还计算了原子或分子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的转变温度。量子统计偏差的质量作用定律在原子-分子平衡，这应该是在经典的麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼气体的混合物中得到满足，计算和不同类型的量子统计效应的差异是明确的。平均场计算与粒子间的相互作用（原子-原子，原子-分子，分子-分子）制定，其中相互作用的影响被发现给线性密度依赖项的有效分子结合能。这种方法适用于零温度相图的计算，其中新的相位共存的局部平衡态的情况下，出现强排斥相互作用。
英文摘要：
Atom-molecule equilibrium for molecular formation processes is discussed for boson-fermion, fermion-fermion, and boson-boson mixtures of ultracold atomic gases in the framework of quasichemical equilibrium theory. After presentation of the general formulation, zero-temperature phase diagrams of the atom-molecule equilibrium states are calculated analytically; molecular, mixed, and dissociated phases are shown to appear for the change of the binding energy of the molecules. The temperature dependences of the atom or molecule densities are calculated numerically, and finite-temperature phase structures are obtained of the atom-molecule equilibrium in the mixtures. The transition temperatures of the atom or molecule Bose-Einstein condensations are also evaluated from these results. Quantum-statistical deviations of the law of mass action in atom-molecule equilibrium, which should be satisfied in mixtures of classical Maxwell-Boltzmann gases, are calculated, and the difference in the different types of quantum-statistical effects is clarified. Mean-field calculations with interparticle interactions (atom-atom, atom-molecule, and molecule-molecule) are formulated, where interaction effects are found to give the linear density-dependent term in the effective molecular binding energies. This method is applied to calculations of zero-temperature phase diagrams, where new phases with coexisting local-equilibrium states are shown to appear in the case of strongly repulsive interactions.
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