用于太赫兹天体物理学的超灵敏热电子纳米测辐射计
Ultra-Sensitive Hot-Electron Nanobolometers for Terahertz Astrophysics
摘要：
早期宇宙背景光谱成像要求星载太赫兹探测器的灵敏度比现有的辐射热计高2-3个数量级。为了在不牺牲操作速度的情况下实现这种灵敏度，新型检测器设计应该将传感器的超小热容量与其独特的热隔离相结合。纳米尺度下热传输的量子效应极大地限制了传统膜支撑测辐射热计的进一步改进。在这里，我们展示了一种创新的方法，通过开发超导热电子纳米测辐射计，其中的电子被冷却，只有由于弱的电子-声子相互作用。在T<0.1K时，这些纳米器件中的电子-声子热导变得小于热导量子的百分之一。热电子纳米测辐射计，足够灵敏的记录单个太赫兹光子，是非常有前途的亚毫米天文学和其他应用的基础上量子量热法和光子计数。
英文摘要：
The background-limited spectral imaging of the early Universe requires spaceborne terahertz (THz) detectors with the sensitivity 2-3 orders of magnitude better than that of the state-of-the-art bolometers. To realize this sensitivity without sacrificing operating speed, novel detector designs should combine an ultrasmall heat capacity of a sensor with its unique thermal isolation. Quantum effects in thermal transport at nanoscale put strong limitations on the further improvement of traditional membrane-supported bolometers. Here we demonstrate an innovative approach by developing superconducting hot-electron nanobolometers in which the electrons are cooled only due to a weak electron-phonon interaction. At T<0.1K, the electron-phonon thermal conductance in these nanodevices becomes less than one percent of the quantum of thermal conductance. The hot-electron nanobolometers, sufficiently sensitive for registering single THz photons, are very promising for submillimeter astronomy and other applications based on quantum calorimetry and photon counting.
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