复杂大分子中的扭转孤子：从DNA到聚乙烯
Twist solitons in complex macromolecules: from DNA to polyethylene
摘要：
DNA扭转动力学在转录过程中是必不可少的;几位作者已经提出了简单的模型，特别是Yakushevich（Y模型）。这些模型与DNA分离动力学模型密切相关，例如Peyrard和Bishop首先提出的模型（以及Dauxois，Barbi，Cocco和Monasson等人开发的模型），但支持拓扑孤子。我们最近开发了Y模型的“复合”版本，其中糖磷酸基团和碱基由单独的自由度描述。这同时比简单的Y模型更好地拟合实验数据，并显示出动力学现象，这是DNA动力学之外的有趣现象。特别相关的是通过调整非线性介质的物理参数来选择孤子速度的机制以及"主“和”从“中相关自由度的分级分离。这些机制不仅适用于DNA，而且适用于更一般的大分子，正如我们通过考虑聚乙烯所具体展示的那样。
英文摘要：
DNA torsion dynamics is essential in the transcription process; simple models for it have been proposed by several authors, in particular Yakushevich (Y model). These are strongly related to models of DNA separation dynamics such as the one first proposed by Peyrard and Bishop (and developed by Dauxois, Barbi, Cocco and Monasson among others), but support topological solitons. We recently developed a ``composite'' version of the Y model, in which the sugar-phosphate group and the base are described by separate degrees of freedom. This at the same time fits experimental data better than the simple Y model, and shows dynamical phenomena, which are of interest beyond DNA dynamics. Of particular relevance are the mechanism for selecting the speed of solitons by tuning the physical parameters of the non linear medium and the hierarchal separation of the relevant degrees of freedom in ``master'' and ``slave''. These mechanisms apply not only do DNA, but also to more general macromolecules, as we show concretely by considering polyethylene.
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