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arXiv 0710.4328astro-ph
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超大质量无金属恒星如何开始宇宙再电离

How Very Massive Metal Free Stars Start Cosmological Reionization

John H. Wise, Tom Abel

摘要:

利用从头算宇宙学欧拉自适应网格加密辐射流体动力学计算,我们讨论了超大质量恒星如何开始宇宙学再电离过程。该模型包括非平衡原始气体化学和冷却过程和准确的辐射传输的情况下B近似使用自适应射线跟踪光子包,保留时间导数的传输方程。超新星反馈是由秒差距尺度的热爆炸触发的。所有计算始终通过至少16个网格单元来解析局部Jeans长度,因此覆盖约10^6的空间动态范围。这些第一个再电离源是高度间歇性和各向异性的,并且首先将它们形成的晕周围的小尺度空隙光化,而不是它们嵌入的致密细丝。当合并的天体形成更大的矮星系时,紫外辐射的逃逸分数减少,HII区域只在星系的某些侧面爆发,使它们更加各向异性。在三种情况下,SN爆炸波诱导恒星形成在过密区域,形成较早的电离前沿不稳定性。这些恒星距离它们的母恒星DM晕的中心有几十秒差距。当10^6兆太阳晕中的恒星形成在计算中占主导地位时,每次持续电离大约需要5个电离光子。当晕圈变得大于~10^7 M_sun时,电离光子逃逸分数降低,这反过来又使每次电离的光子数增加到15-50,在仅使用恒星反馈的计算中。在这些更大质量的晕中,超新星反馈创造了一个更弥散的介质,使恒星辐射更容易逃逸,并保持每次持续电离5个电离光子的比例。

英文摘要:

(Abridged) Using ab initio cosmological Eulerian adaptive mesh refinement radiation hydrodynamical calculations, we discuss how very massive stars start the process of cosmological reionization. The models include non-equilibrium primordial gas chemistry and cooling processes and accurate radiation transport in the Case B approximation using adaptively ray traced photon packages, retaining the time derivative in the transport equation. Supernova feedback is modeled by thermal explosions triggered at parsec scales. All calculations resolve the local Jeans length by at least 16 grid cells at all times and as such cover a spatial dynamic range of ~10^6. These first sources of reionization are highly intermittent and anisotropic and first photoionize the small scales voids surrounding the halos they form in, rather than the dense filaments they are embedded in. As the merging objects form larger, dwarf sized galaxies, the escape fraction of UV radiation decreases and the HII regions only break out on some sides of the galaxies making them even more anisotropic. In three cases, SN blast waves induce star formation in overdense regions that were formed earlier from ionization front instabilities. These stars form tens of parsecs away from the center of their parent DM halo. Approximately 5 ionizing photons are needed per sustained ionization when star formation in 10^6 M_sun halos are dominant in the calculation. As the halos become larger than ~10^7 M_sun, the ionizing photon escape fraction decreases, which in turn increases the number of photons per ionization to 15-50, in calculations with stellar feedback only. Supernova feedback in these more massive halos creates a more diffuse medium, allowing the stellar radiation to escape more easily and maintaining the ratio of 5 ionizing photons per sustained ionization.

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