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arXiv 0710.4158astro-ph
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最高能量的中微子

The Highest Energy Neutrinos

Francis Halzen

备注：
16 pages, pdflatex, 7 jpg figures, ICRC style files included. Highlight talk presented at the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Merida, Mexico, 2007
发表信息：
J.Phys.Conf.Ser.120:062004,2008
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摘要：

对宇宙射线到达方向的测量还没有揭示它们的来源。高能中微子望远镜试图通过探测方向不受磁场干扰的中微子来解决这个问题。关键问题是宇宙射线加速器中产生的中微子通量是否可探测。据信，答案是肯定的，无论是对银河系和河外的来源，提供了探测器有更大的尺度。我们重新审视的情况下，在一个模型无关的方式，专注于能量的来源，微尺度中微子探测器。然而，真正的突破并不是在理论上，而是在技术方面：建造这种探测器的相当大的技术障碍已经被克服。在涉及河外宇宙射线的情况下，探测加速器的另一种方法是研究中微子的到达方向，中微子是在与源附近（即在GZK半径内）的微波背景相互作用中产生的。它们的通量在大的模糊度内是可计算的，但在任何情况下都很低。因此，很可能需要更大几个数量级的探测器。这些都利用了新的技术，如探测中微子诱导簇射发射的无线电波长的次级辐射。

英文摘要：

Measurements of the arrival directions of cosmic rays have not revealed their sources. High energy neutrino telescopes attempt to resolve the problem by detecting neutrinos whose directions are not scrambled by magnetic fields. The key issue is whether the neutrino flux produced in cosmic ray accelerators is detectable. It is believed that the answer is affirmative, both for the galactic and extragalactic sources, provided the detector has kilometer-scale dimensions. We revisit the case for kilometer-scale neutrino detectors in a model-independent way by focussing on the energetics of the sources. The real breakthrough though has not been on the theory but on the technology front: the considerable technical hurdles to build such detectors have been overcome. Where extragalactic cosmic rays are concerned an alternative method to probe the accelerators consists in studying the arrival directions of neutrinos produced in interactions with the microwave background near the source, i.e. within a GZK radius. Their flux is calculable within large ambiguities but, in any case, low. It is therefore likely that detectors that are larger yet by several orders of magnitudes are required. These exploit novel techniques, such as detecting the secondary radiation at radio wavelengths emitted by neutrino induced showers.

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