一个15.65太阳质量的黑洞在附近的螺旋星系梅西耶33的食双星
A 15.65 solar mass black hole in an eclipsing binary in the nearby spiral galaxy Messier 33
摘要：
恒星质量的黑洞是在发射X射线的双星系统中发现的，它们的质量可以从它们的伴星的动力学中确定。恒星演化的模型很难在质量大于10个太阳质量的密近双星中产生黑洞，这与已知质量最大的恒星黑洞的质量都在10个太阳质量的1 sigma范围内的事实相一致。在这里，我们报告了最近发现的系统M33 X-7中的黑洞的质量为15.65 +/- 1.45太阳质量，它位于附近的M33星系中，是唯一已知的食双星中的黑洞。为了产生这样一个巨大的黑洞，原始恒星必须保留大部分的外壳，直到核心的氦聚变完成。另一方面，为了使黑洞在其目前的3.45天轨道上围绕其70.0 +/- 6.9太阳质量的伴星，必须有一个"共同的“演化阶段，在这个阶段中，系统失去了大量的质量。我们发现，共同的信封阶段不可能发生在M33 X-7，除非在其演化过程中从祖先的质量损失量是一个数量级小于通常假设的大质量恒星的演化模型。
英文摘要：
Stellar-mass black holes are discovered in X-ray emitting binary systems, where their mass can be determined from the dynamics of their companion stars. Models of stellar evolution have difficulty producing black holes in close binaries with masses >10 solar masses, which is consistent with the fact that the most massive stellar black holes known so all have masses within 1 sigma of 10 solar masses. Here we report a mass of 15.65 +/- 1.45 solar masses for the black hole in the recently discovered system M33 X-7, which is located in the nearby galaxy Messier 33 (M33) and is the only known black hole that is in an eclipsing binary. In order to produce such a massive black hole, the progenitor star must have retained much of its outer envelope until after helium fusion in the core was completed. On the other hand, in order for the black hole to be in its present 3.45 day orbit about its 70.0 +/- 6.9 solar mass companion, there must have been a ``common envelope'' phase of evolution in which a significant amount of mass was lost from the system. We find the common envelope phase could not have occured in M33 X-7 unless the amount of mass lost from the progenitor during its evolution was an order of magnitude less than what is usually assumed in evolutionary models of massive stars.
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