宇宙物理学的丰富与美丽
The Richness and Beauty of the Physics of Cosmological Recombination
摘要：
描述宇宙重组时代的物理成分非常简单，也非常容易理解。这一事实使我们能够考虑各种各样的过程，仍然发现潜在的可衡量的后果。在这篇文章中，我们重点介绍了最近与宇宙学氢复合有关的一些详细的物理学研究。这些考虑的影响是双重的：（i）在这一时期相关的光子释放导致宇宙微波背景（CMB）能谱与完美黑体的有趣和独特的偏差，特别是在分米波长处，可能在不久的将来变得可观察到。观察这些扭曲，原则上将提供一种额外的方法来确定宇宙的一些关键参数（例如比熵，CMB温度和氦的星前丰度），而不受宇宙方差的限制。它还使我们能够用直接的观测证据来对抗我们对复合过程的详细理解。在这方面的贡献，我们说明了如何的理论光谱模板的宇宙复合谱可用于此目的。(ii)随着高精度宇宙微波背景数据的出现，例如使用普朗克测量者或Cmbpol可以获得的数据，对宇宙电离历史的非常精确的理论理解对于解释宇宙微波背景温度和偏振各向异性是必要的。（节略）
英文摘要：
The physical ingredients to describe the epoch of cosmological recombination are amazingly simple and well-understood. This fact allows us to take into account a very large variety of processes, still finding potentially measurable consequences. In this contribution we highlight some of the detailed physics that were recently studied in connection with cosmological hydrogen recombination. The impact of these considerations is two-fold: (i) the associated release of photons during this epoch leads to interesting and unique deviations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) energy spectrum from a perfect blackbody, which, in particular at decimeter wavelength, may become observable in the near future. Observing these distortions, in principle would provide an additional way to determine some of the key parameters of the Universe (e.g. the specific entropy, the CMB monopole temperature and the pre-stellar abundance of helium), not suffering from limitations set by cosmic variance. Also it permits us to confront our detailed understanding of the recombination process with direct observational evidence. In this contribution we illustrate how the theoretical spectral template for the cosmological recombination spectrum may be utilized for this purpose. (ii) with the advent of high precision CMB data, e.g. as will be available using the Planck Surveyor or Cmbpol, a very accurate theoretical understanding of the ionization history of the Universe becomes necessary for the interpretation of the CMB temperature and polarization anisotropies. (abridged)
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