arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 0710.0780astro-ph
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车轮环星系中的中等质量黑洞和超亮X射线源

Intermediate-mass black holes and ultraluminous X-ray sources in the Cartwheel ring galaxy

M. Mapelli, B. Moore, L. Giordano, L. Mayer, M. Colpi, E. Ripamonti, S. Callegari

摘要:

钱德拉和XMM-牛顿对车轮星系的观测显示,大约有17个明亮的X射线源(> 5 × 10^38 erg/s),全部位于富含气体的外环。我们探讨的假设,这些X射线源是由中等质量的黑洞(IMBHs)吸积气体或从恒星的同伴进行质量转移。为此,我们运行N体/SPH模拟的星系相互作用,这可能导致形成车轮,跟踪两个不同的IMBH人口的动态演化:晕和盘IMBH。晕IMBH不能解释观测到的X射线源,因为只有少数穿过外环。相反,一半以上的盘状IMBH是由于星系碰撞而被拉入外环的。然而,同样在盘状IMBH的情况下,来自周围气体云的吸积不能解释所观察到的源的高光度。最后,需要500多个盘状IMBH通过非常年轻的恒星伴星的质量转移产生<~15 X射线源。这样的IMBH数量非常大,并且意味着极端的假设。因此,所有观察到的X射线源都与IMBH有关的假设与我们的模拟几乎不一致,即使IMBH仍然可能解释少数(<1-5)最亮的超亮X射线源(ULX)。

英文摘要:

Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of the Cartwheel galaxy show ~17 bright X-ray sources (>~5x10^38 erg s^-1), all within the gas-rich outer ring. We explore the hypothesis that these X-ray sources are powered by intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) accreting gas or undergoing mass transfer from a stellar companion. To this purpose, we run N-body/SPH simulations of the galaxy interaction which might have led to the formation of Cartwheel, tracking the dynamical evolution of two different IMBH populations: halo and disc IMBHs. Halo IMBHs cannot account for the observed X-ray sources, as only a few of them cross the outer ring. Instead, more than half of the disc IMBHs are pulled in the outer ring as a consequence of the galaxy collision. However, also in the case of disc IMBHs, accretion from surrounding gas clouds cannot account for the high luminosities of the observed sources. Finally, more than 500 disc IMBHs are required to produce <~15 X-ray sources via mass transfer from very young stellar companions. Such number of IMBHs is very large and implies extreme assumptions. Thus, the hypothesis that all the observed X-ray sources in Cartwheel are associated with IMBHs is hardly consistent with our simulations, even if it is still possible that IMBHs account for the few (<~1-5) brightest ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs).

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