光球和日震对太阳耀斑响应的成因：高能电子还是质子？
The Cause of Photospheric and Helioseismic Responses to Solar Flares: High-Energy Electrons or Protons?
摘要：
通过对2002年7月23日太阳耀斑期间Michelson多普勒成像仪（MDI）观测到的光球流体动力学和日震效应以及RHESSI的高能图像的分析，发现这些效应与硬X射线辐射源密切相关，而在耀斑γ射线辐射的质心区域不存在这种效应。这些结果表明，与预期相反，流体动力学和日震响应（“日震”）更可能是由加速电子而不是高能质子引起的。高能电子的一系列多重脉冲形成了一个在光球中以超音速运动的流体动力源。运动震源在各向异性日震波阵面的形成中起着关键作用。
英文摘要：
Analysis of the hydrodynamic and helioseismic effects in the photosphere during the solar flare of July 23, 2002, observed by Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on SOHO, and high-energy images from RHESSI shows that these effects are closely associated with sources of the hard X-ray emission, and that there are no such effects in the centroid region of the flare gamma-ray emission. These results demonstrate that contrary to expectations the hydrodynamic and helioseismic responses (''sunquakes") are more likely to be caused by accelerated electrons than by high-energy protons. A series of multiple impulses of high-energy electrons forms a hydrodynamic source moving in the photosphere with a supersonic speed. The moving source plays a critical role in the formation of the anisotropic wave front of sunquakes.
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