食物消费的横截面和时间序列弹性的面板和伪面板估计：美国和波兰数据的情况
Panel and Pseudo-Panel Estimation of Cross-Sectional and Time Series Elasticities of Food Consumption: The Case of American and Polish Data
摘要：
本文主要研究的问题是由于测量误差和未观测到的异质性导致的对伪面板数据估计的收入和支出弹性的偏差。我们衡量经验，这些偏见比较截面，伪面板和真正的面板数据从波兰和美国的支出调查。我们的研究结果表明，未观察到的异质性赋予了一个向下的偏见，横截面估计的收入弹性在家的食物支出和向上的偏见，估计的收入弹性离家的食物支出。“内”和第一差估计遭受较少的偏差，但只有当测量误差的影响与工具变量占。
英文摘要：
The problem addressed in this article is the bias to income and expenditure elasticities estimated on pseudo-panel data caused by measurement error and unobserved heterogeneity. We gauge empirically these biases by comparing cross-sectional, pseudo-panel and true panel data from both Polish and American expenditure surveys. Our results suggest that unobserved heterogeneity imparts a downward bias to cross-section estimates of income elasticities of at-home food expenditures and an upward bias to estimates of income elasticities of away-from-home food expenditures. "Within" and first-difference estimators suffer less bias, but only if the effects of measurement error are accounted for with instrumental variables.
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