一种用于X射线偏振计校准的小型偏振器
A very compact polarizer for an X-ray polarimeter calibration
摘要：
基于近45度的布拉格衍射，我们设计并制造了一种轻便、紧凑、可移动的X射线偏振源。该源由晶体耦合到小功率X射线管组成。通过两个正交毛细管板选择入射角，由于小直径孔（10 μ m），允许有限尺寸的良好准直。由晶格间距限定的所有衍射级被偏振到由X射线管电压限制的最大级。选择合适的晶体和X射线管，无论是线或连续发射可以被衍射，产生不同能量的偏振光子。通过适当选择毛细管板准直，可以达到非常高的偏振度和合理的通量。我们提出的源，并测试其性能与生产几乎完全极化辐射在2.6，5.2，3.7和7.4千电子伏由于就业的石墨和铝晶体，铜和钙X射线管分别。触发的源的非常紧凑的设计，我们还提出了一个可行性研究的板上极化源，耦合到放射性Fe 55核素和PVC薄膜，在2.6和5.9千电子伏的下一代星载X射线偏振计的校准。
英文摘要：
We devised and built a light, compact and transportable X-ray polarized source based on the Bragg diffraction at nearly 45 degrees. The source is composed by a crystal coupled to a small power X-ray tube. The angles of incidence are selected by means of two orthogonal capillary plates which, due to the small diameter holes (10 um) allow good collimation with limited sizes. All the orders of diffraction defined by the crystal lattice spacing are polarized up to the maximum order limited by the X-ray tube voltage. Selecting suitably the crystal and the X-ray tube, either the line or the continuum emission can be diffracted, producing polarized photons at different energies. A very high degree of polarization and reasonable fluxes can be reached with a suitable choice of the capillary plates collimation. We present the source and test its performances with the production of nearly completely polarized radiation at 2.6, 5.2, 3.7 and 7.4 keV thanks to the employment of graphite and aluminum crystals, with copper and calcium X-ray tubes respectively. Triggered by the very compact design of the source, we also present a feasibility study for an on-board polarized source, coupled to a radioactive Fe55 nuclide and a PVC thin film, for the calibration of the next generation space-borne X-ray polarimeters at 2.6 and 5.9 keV.
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