彗星C/1995 O1中含硫分子H2S、SO和CS的干涉成像（海尔-波普）
Interferometric imaging of the sulfur-bearing molecules H2S, SO and CS in comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)
摘要：
本文报道了1997年3月用Plateau de Bure干涉仪（IRAM）对C/1995 O 1（Hale-Bopp）彗星中H_2S、SO和CS自转谱线的观测结果。观测结果提供了这些分子的空间和速度分布的信息。它们可以用来限制它们的光解速率和它们的起源。我们使用的辐射转移代码，使我们能够计算合成线剖面和干涉图，进行比较的意见。单碟光谱和干涉光谱图都显示出日/夜不对称的释气。从光谱图的分析，包括天体测量，我们表明，SO和CS目前另外一个喷流状结构，可能是在光学图像中观察到的尘埃高纬度喷流的气体对应物。还观察到CS旋转射流。使用天体测量提供的连续无线电地图并行获得，我们的结论是，没有必要调用的非引力作用在这颗彗星上，并提供一个更新的轨道。发现H2S的径向延伸与从核直接释放一致。SO显示出扩展的径向分布。假设SO 2是SO的母体，在离太阳1天文单位处测得SO的光解速率为1.5 E-4s-1。这低于大多数基于实验室的估计值，可能表明SO不仅仅是由SO2光解产生的。从J（2-1）和J（5-4）CS线的观测，我们推导出CS的光解离速率为1 ~ 5E-5s-1。由于分辨率不足，CS2（可能是CS的母体）的光解速率不能受到约束，但我们的数据与已发表的值一致。这些观测说明了未来ALMA干涉仪将进行的彗星科学。
英文摘要：
We present observations of rotational lines of H2S, SO and CS performed in comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) in March 1997 with the Plateau de Bure interferometer (IRAM). The observations provide informations on the spatial and velocity distributions of these molecules. They can be used to constrain their photodissociation rate and their origin. We use a radiative transfer code which allows us to compute synthetic line profiles and interferometric maps, to be compared to the observations. Both single-dish spectra and interferometric spectral maps show a day/night asymmetry in the outgassing. From the analysis of the spectral maps, including the astrometry, we show that SO and CS present in addition a jet-like structure that may be the gaseous counterpart of the dust high-latitude jet observed in optical images. A CS rotating jet is also observed. Using the astrometry provided by continuum radio maps obtained in parallel, we conclude that there is no need to invoke of nongravitational forces acting on this comet, and provide an updated orbit. The radial extension of H2S is found to be consistent with direct release from the nucleus. SO displays an extended radial distribution. Assuming that SO2 is the parent of SO, the photodissociation rate of SO is measured to be 1.5 E-4 s-1 at 1 AU from the Sun. This is lower than most laboratory-based estimates and may suggest that SO is not solely produced by SO2 photolysis. From the observations of J(2-1) and J(5-4) CS lines, we deduce a CS photodissociation rate of 1 to 5 E-5 s-1. The photodissociation rate of CS2, the likely parent of CS, cannot be constrained due to insufficient resolution, but our data are consistent with published values. These observations illustrate the cometary science that will be performed with the future ALMA interferometer.
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