相变与流体的完美性
Phase Transitions and the Perfectness of Fluids
摘要：
我们计算的比率η/s，剪切粘度（η）熵密度（s），它的特点是如何完美的流体，在弱耦合实标量场理论与不同类型的相变。平均场的eta/s行为的结果与原子和分子系统，如水，氦，氮，和所有的物质在NIST数据库中的数据的经验观察。这些行为在具有O（N）对称性的N分量标量理论中是相同的。我们推测这些eta/s行为是量子色动力学和冷原子共有的流体的一般性质。最后，我们澄清了一些问题，反例的证明普遍eta/s界发现在参考文献。[16，17]。
英文摘要：
We calculate the ratio eta/s, the shear viscosity (eta) to entropy density (s), which characterizes how perfect a fluid is, in weakly coupled real scalar field theories with different types of phase transitions. The mean-field results of the eta/s behaviors agree with the empirical observations in atomic and molecular systems such as water, He, N, and all the matters with data available in the NIST database. These behaviors are expected to be the same in N component scalar theories with an O(N) symmetry. We speculate these eta/s behaviors are general properties of fluid shared by QCD and cold atoms. Finally, we clarify some issues regarding counterexamples of the conjectured universal eta/s bound found in Refs.[16,17].
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