具有共振相互作用的二组分费米气体的Phase diagram
Phase diagram of a two-component Fermi gas with resonant interactions
摘要：
费米子的配对是超导电性和超流性的核心。最近的实验实现的强相互作用原子费米气体开辟了一个新的，可控的方式来研究新形式的配对和超流性。一个主要的争议问题是当费米子共振相互作用时，超流的稳定性与两个自旋分量之间的不平衡。在这里，我们提出了一个自旋极化的费米气体的$^6$锂原子在幺正性的相图，映射出超流相与温度和密度不平衡。使用层析技术，我们揭示了空间的不连续性的自旋极化，签名的一阶超流到正常的相变，这消失在三临界点的相变的性质从一阶到二阶的变化。在零温度下，存在从完全成对的超流体到部分极化的正常气体的量子相变。这些观测和现场理想气体温度计的实现为共振超流稳定性的理论计算提供了定量的检验。
英文摘要：
The pairing of fermions is at the heart of superconductivity and superfluidity. The recent experimental realization of strongly interacting atomic Fermi gases has opened a new, controllable way to study novel forms of pairing and superfluidity. A major controversial issue has been the stability of superfluidity against an imbalance between the two spin components when the fermions interact resonantly. Here we present the phase diagram of a spin-polarized Fermi gas of $^6$Li atoms at unitarity, mapping out the superfluid phase versus temperature and density imbalance. Using tomographic techniques, we reveal spatial discontinuities in the spin polarization, the signature of a first-order superfluid-to-normal phase transition, which disappears at a tricritical point where the nature of the phase transition changes from first-order to second-order. At zero temperature, there is a quantum phase transition from a fully-paired superfluid to a partially-polarized normal gas. These observations and the implementation of an in situ ideal gas thermometer provide quantitative tests of theoretical calculations on the stability of resonant superfluidity.
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