斯皮策太空望远镜揭示的仙后座A超新星遗迹中新形成的尘埃
Freshly Formed Dust in the Cassiopeia A Supernova Remnant as Revealed by the Spitzer Space Telescope
摘要：
我们进行了斯皮策红外光谱仪测绘观测，几乎覆盖了仙后座A超新星遗迹（SNR）的整个范围，每5-10”产生中红外（5.5-35微米）光谱。Ar、Ne、O、Si、S、Fe等气体谱线和尘埃连续谱在多数位置都很强。我们确定了三个不同的喷出物尘埃人口的基础上，他们的连续形状。占主导地位的尘埃连续体形状在21微米处表现出强峰。从19-23微米范围内制作的21微米峰值尘埃的无线图与[Ar II]、[O IV]和[Ne II]喷出物的线图非常相似，这意味着尘埃是在喷出物中新形成的。光谱拟合意味着SiO2，镁原硅酸盐，和FeO颗粒在这些地区的存在。第二种尘埃类型表现出一个上升的连续高达21微米，然后在此后的100微米。这种"弱21微米“尘埃可能由Al 2 O3和C颗粒组成。第三个尘埃连续体的形状是一个温和的上升光谱，可能是由MgSiO 3和Al 2 O3或Fe颗粒。使用最小质量的组成为三个尘埃类中的每一个产生的总质量为0.02 Msun。使用质量最大的成分，得到的总质量为0.054 Msun。总尘埃质量的主要不确定性源于选择适合无特征尘埃以及70微米通量所需的尘埃成分。来自Cas A的新形成的尘埃质量足以从SNe解释高红移星系中尘埃质量的下限。
英文摘要：
We performed Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph mapping observations covering nearly the entire extent of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant (SNR), producing mid-infrared (5.5-35 micron) spectra every 5-10". Gas lines of Ar, Ne, O, Si, S and Fe, and dust continua were strong for most positions. We identify three distinct ejecta dust populations based on their continuum shapes. The dominant dust continuum shape exhibits a strong peak at 21 micron. A line-free map of 21 micron-peak dust made from the 19-23 micron range closely resembles the [Ar II], [O IV], and [Ne II] ejecta-line maps implying that dust is freshly formed in the ejecta. Spectral fitting implies the presence of SiO2, Mg protosilicates, and FeO grains in these regions. The second dust type exhibits a rising continuum up to 21 micron and then flattens thereafter. This ``weak 21 micron'' dust is likely composed of Al2O3 and C grains. The third dust continuum shape is featureless with a gently rising spectrum and is likely composed of MgSiO3 and either Al2O3 or Fe grains. Using the least massive composition for each of the three dust classes yields a total mass of 0.02 Msun. Using the most-massive composition yields a total mass of 0.054 Msun. The primary uncertainty in the total dust mass stems from the selection of the dust composition necessary for fitting the featureless dust as well as 70 micron flux. The freshly formed dust mass derived from Cas A is sufficient from SNe to explain the lower limit on the dust masses in high redshift galaxies.
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