网络分析仪测量中的S参数不确定性及其在天线方向图中的应用
S-Parameter Uncertainties in Network Analyzer Measurements with Application to Antenna Patterns
摘要：
提出了一种利用S参数全微分估计全双端口矢量网络分析仪测量不确定度的分析方法。系统误差的不确定性也估计从总的差异，涉及两个三重标准，在直接通过连接的情况下。标准载荷不确定度和测量不准确度由独立微分表示。任何量的复不确定度，可微地依赖于S参数，由相应的微分误差区域估计。实际的不确定度，矩形和极坐标，估计的正交扇形和环形扇区外切的微分误差区域，分别。从用户的角度来看，制造商的数据可以用来设置独立的差异和应用该方法。示范结果包括：（1）异性标准的短路、匹配负载和开路对的系统误差差异;（2）由两个异性端连接器的长传输线扩展的VNA的系统误差不确定性;（3）Z参数对适当设计的直流电阻T网络的频率的高不确定性;（4）所设计的UHF径向盘锥天线的幅度和相位方向图的中等不确定性（通过内置定位器进行方位旋转，在构建的硬件控制器的开发的软件控制下）与构造的增益标准天线（固定的）耦合的极化进入消声室。
英文摘要：
An analytical method was developed, to estimate uncertainties in full two-port Vector Network Analyzer measurements, using total differentials of S-parameters. System error uncertainties were also estimated from total differentials involving two triples of standards, in the Direct Through connection case. Standard load uncertainties and measurement inaccuracies were represented by independent differentials. Complex uncertainty in any quantity, differentiably dependent on S-parameters, is estimated by the corresponding Differential Error Region. Real uncertainties, rectangular and polar, are estimated by the orthogonal parallelogram and annular sector circumscribed about the Differential Error Region, respectively. From the user's point of view, manufactures' data may be used to set the independent differentials and apply the method. Demonstration results include: (1) System error differentials for Short, matching Load and Open pairs of opposite sex standards; (2) System error uncertainties for VNA extended by two lengthy transmission lines of opposite sex end-connectors; (3) High uncertainties in Z-parameters against frequency of an appropriately designed, DC resistive, T-Network; (4) Moderate uncertainties in amplitude and phase patterns of a designed UHF radial discone antenna (azimuthally rotated by a built positioner, under developed software control of a built hardware controller) polarization coupled with a constructed gain standard antenna (stationary) into an anechoic chamber.
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