用自熔技术生长重费米子LiV $_2$ O $_4$单晶的晶体学、磁化率、heat capacity和电阻率
Crystallography, magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and electrical resistivity of heavy fermion LiV$_2$O$_4$ single crystals grown using a self-flux technique
摘要：
磁纯尖晶石化合物${\rm LiV_2O_4}$是一种稀有的$d$-电子重费米子.需要对单晶进行测量以澄清纯材料中重费米子行为的机制。此外，它是已知的，小浓度（$< 1$摩尔%）的结构中的磁性缺陷强烈影响的性质，和含有磁性缺陷的单晶的测量将有助于理解后者的行为。在此，我们报告的流量增长的${\rm LiV_2O_4}$和初步测量，以帮助解决这些问题。一些生长的晶体的磁化率在低温下表现出居里样的上升，表明尖晶石结构内存在磁缺陷。通过在700 $^\circ$ C下退火，可以消除某些晶体中的磁缺陷。对于含有磁缺陷浓度为${\rm_{defect}}$ = 0.5摩尔%的晶体，在1.8 K的温度下获得了非常高的比热系数$γ$ = 450 mJ/（mol K ${^2}$）。$n$ ${\rm _{defect}}$ = 0.01摩尔%的晶体显示出50的残余电阻率比。
英文摘要：
Magnetically pure spinel compound ${\rm LiV_2O_4}$ is a rare $d$-electron heavy fermion. Measurements on single crystals are needed to clarify the mechanism for the heavy fermion behavior in the pure material. In addition, it is known that small concentrations ($< 1$ mol%) of magnetic defects in the structure strongly affect the properties, and measurements on single crystals containing magnetic defects would help to understand the latter behaviors. Herein, we report flux growth of ${\rm LiV_2O_4}$ and preliminary measurements to help resolve these questions. The magnetic susceptibility of some as-grown crystals show a Curie-like upturn at low temperatures, showing the presence of magnetic defects within the spinel structure. The magnetic defects could be removed in some of the crystals by annealing them at 700 $^\circ$C\@. A very high specific heat coefficient $γ$ = 450 mJ/(mol K${^2}$\@) was obtained at a temperature of 1.8 K for a crystal containing a magnetic defect concentration $n$${\rm_{defect}}$ = 0.5 mol%. A crystal with $n$${\rm _{defect}}$ = 0.01 mol% showed a residual resistivity ratio of 50.
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