用于研究低损耗材料中声子相关机械损耗的高灵敏度工具
High-sensitivity tool for studying phonon related mechanical losses in low loss materials
摘要：
甚至在非常纯的材料中也存在基本的机械损耗机制，例如，由于激发的声波与热声子的相互作用。在像引力波探测器这样的高精度仪器中，希望在一定频率范围内减少这些损耗。在这些低损耗材料的机械损耗的系统分析是必不可少的这一目标，在一个高度敏感的实验装置进行。我们的新型力学光谱方法，体材料的低温共振声学光谱（CRA光谱），非常适合于在5至300 K的宽温度范围内系统地确定样品在低于10^（-9）的共振频率下的损耗。在一个专门建造的低温恒温器中的高精度设置允许非接触式激发和读出样品的振荡。实验装置和测量程序进行了说明。我们的实验由于外部损失机制的限制进行了分析。解释了悬浮液体系以及样品制备的影响。
英文摘要：
Fundamental mechanical loss mechanisms exist even in very pure materials, for instance, due to the interactions of excited acoustic waves with thermal phonons. A reduction of these losses in a certain frequency range is desired in high precision instruments like gravitational wave detectors. Systematic analyses of the mechanical losses in those low loss materials are essential for this aim, performed in a highly sensitive experimental set-up. Our novel method of mechanical spectroscopy, cryogenic resonant acoustic spectroscopy of bulk materials (CRA spectroscopy), is well suited to systematically determine losses at the resonant frequencies of the samples of less than 10^(-9) in the wide temperature range from 5 to 300 K. A high precision set-up in a specially built cryostat allows contactless excitation and readout of the oscillations of the sample. The experimental set-up and measuring procedure are described. Limitations to our experiment due to external loss mechanisms are analysed. The influence of the suspension system as well as the sample preparation is explained.
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