太阳活动N-S不对称性的统计意义
The statistical significance of the N-S asymmetry of solar activity revisited
摘要：
本研究的主要目的是指出，在试图评估最通常考虑的太阳活动时间序列的南北不对称性（以下简称SSSSA）的统计意义时发现的困难。首先，我们区分了由整数或非整数无量纲数据组成的太阳活动时间序列，以及由非整数有量纲数据组成的太阳活动时间序列。对于每一种情况下，我们讨论了最合适的统计测试，可以应用和突出的困难，以获得有效的信息，太阳活动时间序列的统计意义。我们的研究结果表明，除了需要应用合适的统计检验，其他影响，如数据分箱，考虑单位和需要，在某些测试中，考虑组的数据，影响很大的不对称性的统计意义的确定。我们的主要结论是，太阳活动的南北不对称性的统计意义的评估是一个困难的问题，不能给出一个绝对的答案，因为许多不同的影响的统计检验给出的结果。总之，不同作者提供的关于太阳活动N-S不对称性的统计意义的定量结果，以及关于其行为的研究，必须仔细考虑，因为它们取决于不同参数的选择值或所考虑的单位。
英文摘要：
The main aim of this study is to point out the difficulties found when trying to assess the statistical significance of the North-South asymmetry (hereafter SSNSA) of the most usually considered time series of solar activity. First of all, we distinguish between solar activity time series composed by integer or non-integer and dimensionless data, or composed by non-integer and dimensional data. For each of these cases, we discuss the most suitable statistical tests which can be applied and highlight the difficulties to obtain valid information about the statistical significance of solar activity time series. Our results suggest that, apart from the need to apply the suitable statistical tests, other effects such as the data binning, the considered units and the need, in some tests, to consider groups of data, affect substantially the determination of the statistical significance of the asymmetry. Our main conclusion is that the assessment of the statistical significance of the N-S asymmetry of solar activity is a difficult matter and that an absolute answer cannot be given, since many different effects influence the results given by the statistical tests. In summary, the quantitative results about the statistical significance of the N-S asymmetry of solar activity provided by different authors, as well as the studies about its behaviour, must be considered with care because they depend from the chosen values of different parameters or from the considered units.
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