微类星体GRS 1915+105中快红外闪烁的HST/NICMOS观测
HST/NICMOS Observations of Fast Infrared Flickering in the Microquasar GRS 1915+105
摘要：
报道了利用哈勃空间望远镜的NICMOS仪器在2003年4 - 6月对微类星体GRS 1915+105进行的9次红外观测。在这一时期的开始和结束附近的高X射线/射电活动的时代，我们发现，$1.87 $ \um红外通量一般较低（$\sim 2$ mJy）和相对稳定。然而，在这些时期之间的X射线/无线电"平台“状态，我们发现，红外通量显着更高（$\sim 4-6$ mJy），和强烈的变化。特别地，我们发现幅度为$\sim 20-30$ %的事件发生在$\sim 10-20$ s的时间尺度上（$\sim 30$ s的e折叠时间尺度）。这些闪烁的时间尺度比先前在GRS 1915+105中观察到的任何红外变化快几倍，并且IR变化超过相同（$\sim 8s$）时间尺度下的相应X射线变化。这些结果表明，该物体具有一种全新的红外变化。基于这种闪烁的性质，我们得出结论，它出现在高原状态喷流本身，在距离吸积盘$<2.5$ AU。我们讨论了这项工作的影响和潜在的进一步闪烁观测了解黑洞周围的喷流形成。
英文摘要：
We report infrared observations of the microquasar GRS 1915+105 using the NICMOS instrument of the Hubble Space Telescope during 9 visits in April-June 2003. During epochs of high X-ray/radio activity near the beginning and end of this period, we find that the $1.87 $\um infrared flux is generally low ($\sim 2$ mJy) and relatively steady. However, during the X-ray/radio ``plateau'' state between these epochs, we find that the infrared flux is significantly higher ($\sim 4-6$ mJy), and strongly variable. In particular, we find events with amplitudes $\sim 20-30$% occurring on timescales of $\sim 10-20$s (e-folding timescales of $\sim 30$s). These flickering timescales are several times faster than any previously-observed infrared variability in GRS 1915+105 and the IR variations exceed corresponding X-ray variations at the same ($\sim 8s$) timescale. These results suggest an entirely new type of infrared variability from this object. Based on the properties of this flickering, we conclude that it arises in the plateau-state jet outflow itself, at a distance $<2.5$ AU from the accretion disk. We discuss the implications of this work and the potential of further flickering observations for understanding jet formation around black holes.
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