非哈密顿系统的统计力学：交通流
Statistical mechanics of non-hamiltonian systems: Traffic flow
摘要：
研究了单车道公路上小汽车系统的统计力学。该系统不是由一个哈密尔顿，而是由一个条件概率的速度，汽车的速度为给定的速度和距离的汽车前进。导出了不同密度的车辆群的速度分布以及不同速度下车辆群密度波动的概率。对于高制动能力的车辆，存在自由流和拥挤相，对于低制动能力的车辆，形成车辆排队。提出了自由流和拥挤相之间的一级相变。
英文摘要：
Statistical mechanics of a small system of cars on a single-lane road is developed. The system is not characterized by a Hamiltonian but by a conditional probability of a velocity of a car for the given velocity and distance of the car ahead. Distribution of car velocities for various densities of a group of cars are derived as well as probabilities of density fluctuations of the group for different velocities. For high braking abilities of cars free-flow and congested phases are found. Platoons of cars are formed for system of cars with inefficient brakes. A first order phase transition between free-flow and congested phase is suggested.
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