z>5类星体的环境：在亚毫米波长搜寻原星团
Environments of z>5 quasars: searching for protoclusters at submillimetre wavelengths
摘要：
根据等级宇宙学，在高红移时，最大质量的晕应该存在于最有偏差的密度场中。如果在早期宇宙（z>5）的任何地方都存在强大的活动星系核（AGN），那么它就在这些巨大的晕中。这些活动星系核中最明亮的一个，由超大质量黑洞（SMBH）~ 10^9 Msun提供动力，因此提供了一个测试星系形成模型的机会。在这里，我们提出了亚毫米（submm）连续图像的三个发光类星体在z>5，在850和450微米获得使用詹姆斯克拉克麦克斯韦望远镜（JCMT）的Submm公共用户测辐射热仪阵列（SCUBA）。N体模拟预测，这样的类星体在z=0时演化成为大质量星系团的中心主导星系，但在z=5-6时，它们正在活跃地形成恒星，并被年轻星系的丰富原星系结构所包围。我们的图像显示了至少一个类星体在~ 100 kpc尺度上的扩展发射的证据-这表明部分解决了合并或巨大的宿主星系。此外，在>3sigma显著性，我们发现12（5）submm星系（SMG）在850 μ m（450 μ m）在周围的领域。这些SMG的数量计数是系统相对于空白领域亚毫米调查过剩。虽然对红移敏感的850 um/450 um和850 um/1.4 GHz通量密度比表明，这些SMG中的一些可能是前景物体，但计数表明，许多SMG可能与类星体处于相同的大尺度结构中。
英文摘要：
The most massive haloes at high redshift are expected, according to hierarchical cosmologies, to reside in the most biased density fields. If powerful active galactic nuclei (AGN) are expected to exist anywhere in the early Universe (z>5), it is within these massive haloes. The most luminous of these AGN, powered by supermassive black holes (SMBHs) ~10^9Msun, thereby present an opportunity to test models of galaxy formation. Here, we present submillimetre (submm) continuum images of the fields of three luminous quasars at z>5, obtained at 850 and 450um using the Submm Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). N-body simulations predict that such quasars evolve to become the central dominant galaxies of massive clusters at z=0, but at z=5-6 they are actively forming stars and surrounded by a rich proto-filamentary structure of young galaxies. Our images show evidence of extended emission on a scale of ~100kpc from at least one quasar - indicative of a partially resolved merger or a colossal host galaxy. In addition, at >3sigma significance we detect 12 (5) submm galaxies (SMGs) at 850um (450um) in the surrounding fields. Number counts of these SMGs are systematically overabundant relative to blank-field submm surveys. Whilst the redshift-sensitive 850um/450um and 850um/1.4GHz flux density ratios indicate that some of these SMGs are likely foreground objects, the counts suggest that many probably lie in the same large-scale structures as the quasars.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
