与罗塞塔任务目标相关的彗星尘埃痕迹：67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Cometary Dust Trail Associated with Rosetta Mission Target: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
摘要：
在2002年近日点通过之后，观测到了与罗塞塔飞行任务目标物体（67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko）有关的薄而明亮的尘埃云。这片云的颈线结构或尘埃痕迹性质是有争议的。在本文中，我们明确地确定了尘埃的痕迹和颈线结构使用宽视场CCD相机连接到木曾1.05米施密特望远镜。在2002年9月9日至2003年2月1日期间拍摄的所有照片中，67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko的尘埃痕迹都是明显的散射阳光，而颈线结构直到2002年底才变得明显。我们将我们的图像与从原子核发射的尘埃颗粒的半解析动力学模型进行了比较。在靠近原子核的地方，尘埃尾迹的表面亮度逐渐减弱，这使我们能够确定典型的最大颗粒尺寸。假设球形致密颗粒的质量密度为103公斤米-3和0.04的EQUIDO，我们推断，尘埃颗粒的最大直径约为1厘米。我们发现，在1996年出现之前，彗星在近日点的质量损失率为180 +/- 50 kg s-1，而在整个轨道上的平均质量损失率达到20 +/- 6 kg s-1。这一结果与2002/2003年报告中对尘埃云的研究结果一致。因此，我们可以推断，67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko的活动在过去十几年中没有发生重大变化，最大的颗粒周期性地注入彗星轨道上的尘埃管。
英文摘要：
A thin, bright dust cloud, which is associated with the Rosetta mission target object (67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko), was observed after the 2002 perihelion passage. The neckline structure or dust trail nature of this cloud is controversial. In this paper, we definitively identify the dust trail and the neckline structure using a wide-field CCD camera attached to the Kiso 1.05-m Schmidt telescope. The dust trail of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was evident as scattered sunlight in all images taken between September 9, 2002 and February 1, 2003, whereas the neckline structure became obvious only after late 2002. We compared our images with a semi-analytical dynamic model of dust grains emitted from the nucleus. A fading of the surface brightness of the dust trail near the nucleus enabled us to determine the typical maximum size of the grains. Assuming spherical compact particles with a mass density of 103 kg m-3 and an albedo of 0.04, we deduced that the maximum diameter of the dust particles was approximately 1 cm. We found that the mass-loss rate of the comet at the perihelion was 180 +/- 50 kg s-1 on or before the 1996 apparition, while the mass-loss rate averaged over the orbit reached 20 +/- 6 kg s-1. The result is consistent with the studies of the dust cloud emitted in the 2002/2003 return. Therefore, we can infer that the activity of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko has showed no major change over the past dozen years or so, and the largest grains are cyclically injected into the dust tube lying along the cometary orbit.
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