基于Levenshtein距离的印欧语系树
Indo-European languages tree by Levenshtein distance
摘要：
语言的进化与单倍体生物的进化非常相似。这种相似性最近已被利用\cite{GA,GJ}来构建语言树。关键点是定义所有语言对之间的距离，它类似于遗传距离。人们提出了许多方法来定义这些距离，其中一种方法被声门年代学所使用，从共享的“同源词”的百分比计算距离。同源词是推断出具有共同历史渊源的词，主观判断在识别过程中起着相关的作用。在这里，我们推近类比与进化生物学，我们引入了遗传距离之间的语言对考虑一个重整Levenshtein距离之间的单词具有相同的含义和平均的所有单词中包含的Swadesh列表\cite{Sw}。工艺的主观性不断降低，重现性非常容易。我们测试我们的方法对印欧集团考虑50种不同的语言和200个单词的Swadesh列表中的任何一个。我们找到了一棵树，它非常类似于发表在\cite{GA}有一些显着的差异。
英文摘要：
The evolution of languages closely resembles the evolution of haploid organisms. This similarity has been recently exploited \cite{GA,GJ} to construct language trees. The key point is the definition of a distance among all pairs of languages which is the analogous of a genetic distance. Many methods have been proposed to define these distances, one of this, used by glottochronology, compute distance from the percentage of shared ``cognates''. Cognates are words inferred to have a common historical origin, and subjective judgment plays a relevant role in the identification process. Here we push closer the analogy with evolutionary biology and we introduce a genetic distance among language pairs by considering a renormalized Levenshtein distance among words with same meaning and averaging on all the words contained in a Swadesh list \cite{Sw}. The subjectivity of process is consistently reduced and the reproducibility is highly facilitated. We test our method against the Indo-European group considering fifty different languages and the two hundred words of the Swadesh list for any of them. We find out a tree which closely resembles the one published in \cite{GA} with some significant differences.
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