下一代空间钟的轨道确定
Orbit determination for next generation space clocks
摘要：
在20世纪的最后10年和21世纪的头几年里，原子钟的不确定度降低了大约两个数量级，相对频率从10^-14降到了10^-16以下。基础物理学、大地测量学、时间/频率计量学、导航等方面的空间应用是新一代时钟中最有前途的。在地球或太阳系卫星上，它们卓越的频率稳定性和准确性使它们成为测试自然基本定律和研究引力势及其演变的主要工具。在本文中，我们更详细地研究了在所需的不确定度的基础上，完全相对论模型的下一代空间时钟的操作兼容的轨道的要求。使用ACES（原子钟包围在空间）任务作为一个例子，我们表明，所需的精度目标可以达到相对温和的限制空间时钟的轨道，严格得多比预期的“天真”的估计。我们的研究结果是通用的所有空间时钟，并代表了下一代空间时钟在基础物理，大地测量学和时间/频率计量学的普遍使用的重要一步。
英文摘要：
Over the last decade of the 20th century and the first few years of the 21st, the uncertainty of atomic clocks has decreased by about two orders of magnitude, passing from the low 10^-14 to below 10^-16, in relative frequency . Space applications in fundamental physics, geodesy, time/frequency metrology, navigation etc... are among the most promising for this new generation of clocks. Onboard terrestrial or solar system satellites, their exceptional frequency stability and accuracy makes them a prime tool to test the fundamental laws of nature, and to study gravitational potentials and their evolution. In this paper, we study in more detail the requirements on orbitography compatible with operation of next generation space clocks at the required uncertainty based on a completely relativistic model. Using the ACES (Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space) mission as an example, we show that the required accuracy goal can be reached with relatively modest constraints on the orbitography of the space clock, much less stringent than expected from "naive" estimates. Our results are generic to all space clocks and represent a significant step towards the generalised use of next generation space clocks in fundamental physics, geodesy, and time/frequency metrology.
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