一般环境中宏观物体的量子布朗运动
Quantum Brownian Motion of a Macroscopic Object in a General Environment
摘要：
为了理解介观或宏观物体与一般环境相互作用的量子行为，如量子退相干、涨落、耗散、纠缠和隐形传态等，本文导出了一组精确的主方程，用于求解任意谱密度和温度的热浴中$N$相互作用谐振子的约化密度矩阵.我们感兴趣的两类问题，这些方程可以有效地应用于纳米机电振荡器的量子动力学和纠缠演化的多体宏观态，如量子叠加的镜子在高Q腔。为了解决宏观量子现象的一个关键概念问题，我们研究了在这些研究中经常隐含的假设有效的条件，即宏观物体在环境中的量子行为可以通过只处理其质心变量的动力学来准确地表示。我们也提到如何这些结果可以用来计算不确定原理管理一个宏观物体在有限的温度。
英文摘要：
For the purpose of understanding the quantum behavior such as quantum decoherence, fluctuations, dissipation, entanglement and teleportation of a mesoscopic or macroscopic object interacting with a general environment, we derive here a set of exact master equations for the reduced density matrix of $N$ interacting harmonic oscillators in a heat bath with arbitrary spectral density and temperature. Two classes of problems of interest to us which these equations can be usefully applied to are that of the quantum dynamics of nanoelectromechanical oscillators and the entanglement evolution of multi-partite macroscopic states such as quantum superposition of mirrors in a high Q cavity. To address a key conceptual issue for macroscopic quantum phenomena we examine the conditions for an assumption often implicitly made in these studies to be valid, namely, that the quantum behavior of a macroscopic object in an environment can be accurately represented by only treating the dynamics of its center-of-mass variable. We also mention how these results can be used to calculate the uncertainty principle governing a macroscopic object at finite temperature.
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