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arXiv 0708.0211astro-ph
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吸积动力毫秒脉冲星SAX J1808的自旋、脉冲形状和轨道的长期演化。

The long-term evolution of the spin, pulse shape, and orbit of the accretion-powered millisecond pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658

Jacob M. Hartman, Alessandro Patruno, Deepto Chakrabarty, David L. Kaplan, Craig B. Markwardt, Edward H. Morgan, Paul S. Ray, Michiel van der Klis, Rudy Wijnands

备注：
22 pages, 10 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ
发表信息：
Astrophys.J.675:1468-1486,2008
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摘要：

我们提出了一个7年的时间研究的2.5毫秒的X射线脉冲星SAXJ1808.4 -3658，一个X射线瞬变的重现时间约为2年，使用的数据从罗西X射线定时探测器涵盖4个瞬态爆发（1998-2005年）。我们验证了401赫兹的脉动跟踪自旋频率的基本，而不是谐波。大量的脉冲形状的变化，随机和系统的，观察到在每次爆发。对系统脉冲形状变化的分析表明，当爆发变暗时，脉冲星表面的X射线“热点”纵向漂移，可能会出现第二个热点。整个脉冲形状的变化限制了在给定的X射线爆发内测量自旋频率演化的能力（并且使该源的先前nudot测量受到质疑），典型的上限为|nudot| <2.5 × 10 ^{-14} Hz/s（2 sigma）。然而，结合所有爆发的数据显示，脉冲星正在以努多=（-5.6+/-2.0 x10 ^{-16} Hz/s）的速率进行长期的自旋下降，大部分自旋演化发生在X射线静止期间。我们讨论了磁螺旋桨扭矩、磁偶极子辐射和引力辐射对测量到的自旋下降的可能贡献，设定脉冲星表面偶极子磁场的上限为B <1.5 × 10 ^8 G，分数质量四极矩的上限为Q/I <5 × 10 ^{-9}。我们还测量了Pdot =（3.5+/-0.2 x10 ^{-12} s/s的轨道周期导数。这个令人惊讶的大Pdot让人想起在所谓的“黑寡妇”毫秒射电望远镜中观察到的大的准循环轨道周期变化，支持了SAX J1808.4-3658可能在静止期间作为射电脉冲星开启的猜测。在附录中，我们得到了一个改进的（0.15角秒）源位置从光学数据。

英文摘要：

We present a 7 yr timing study of the 2.5 ms X-ray pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658, an X-ray transient with a recurrence time of ~2 yr, using data from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer covering 4 transient outbursts (1998-2005). We verify that the 401 Hz pulsation traces the spin frequency fundamental and not a harmonic. Substantial pulse shape variability, both stochastic and systematic, was observed during each outburst. Analysis of the systematic pulse shape changes suggests that, as an outburst dims, the X-ray "hot spot" on the pulsar surface drifts longitudinally and a second hot spot may appear. The overall pulse shape variability limits the ability to measure spin frequency evolution within a given X-ray outburst (and calls previous nudot measurements of this source into question), with typical upper limits of |nudot| < 2.5x10^{-14} Hz/s (2 sigma). However, combining data from all the outbursts shows with high (6 sigma) significance that the pulsar is undergoing long-term spin down at a rate nudot = (-5.6+/-2.0)x10^{-16} Hz/s, with most of the spin evolution occurring during X-ray quiescence. We discuss the possible contributions of magnetic propeller torques, magnetic dipole radiation, and gravitational radiation to the measured spin down, setting an upper limit of B < 1.5x10^8 G for the pulsar's surface dipole magnetic field and and Q/I < 5x10^{-9} for the fractional mass quadrupole moment. We also measured an orbital period derivative of Pdot = (3.5+/-0.2)x10^{-12} s/s. This surprising large Pdot is reminiscent of the large and quasi-cyclic orbital period variation observed in the so-called "black widow" millisecond radio pulsars, supporting speculation that SAX J1808.4-3658 may turn on as a radio pulsar during quiescence. In an appendix we derive an improved (0.15 arcsec) source position from optical data.

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