GRI：关注不断演变的暴力宇宙
GRI: focusing on the evolving violent Universe
摘要：
伽马射线成像仪（GRI）是一个新的任务概念，它将通过首次使用劳厄衍射晶体制成的聚焦透镜，在软伽马射线领域提供前所未有的灵敏度飞跃。该透镜将覆盖200 - 1300 keV的能带，有效面积达到600 cm 2。它将由单反射多层镀膜镜补充，将GRI能带扩展到硬X射线区域，低至~10 keV。集中的光子将由位置敏感的像素化CZT叠层探测器收集。我们估计，在100 ks的曝光量下，连续谱灵敏度优于10^-7 ph/cm 2/s/keV;在相同的积分时间下，窄谱线灵敏度将优于3 x 10^-6 ph/cm 2/s。作为聚焦仪器，GRI将在大约5弧分的视场内具有优于30弧秒的角分辨率-这是伽马射线领域前所未有的成就。由于透镜和反射镜的大焦距为100米，光学器件和探测器将分别放置在高椭圆轨道上编队飞行的两个航天器上。目前正在进行使透镜聚焦技术成为可能和研制所需焦平面探测器的研发工作，由意大利航天局、法国空研中心、欧空局和西班牙教育和科学部提供资金。GRI任务被提议作为欧空局宇宙愿景2015-2025计划的M级任务。GRI将允许以前所未有的细节研究粒子加速过程和爆炸物理学，为宇宙中最暴力和最具活力的过程的最内在本质提供重要线索。
英文摘要：
The Gamma-Ray Imager (GRI) is a novel mission concept that will provide an unprecedented sensitivity leap in the soft gamma-ray domain by using for the first time a focusing lens built of Laue diffracting crystals. The lens will cover an energy band from 200 - 1300 keV with an effective area reaching 600 cm2. It will be complemented by a single reflection multilayer coated mirror, extending the GRI energy band into the hard X-ray regime, down to ~10 keV. The concentrated photons will be collected by a position sensitive pixelised CZT stack detector. We estimate continuum sensitivities of better than 10^-7 ph/cm2/s/keV for a 100 ks exposure; the narrow line sensitivity will be better than 3 x 10^-6 ph/cm2/s for the same integration time. As focusing instrument, GRI will have an angular resolution of better than 30 arcsec within a field of view of roughly 5 arcmin - an unprecedented achievement in the gamma-ray domain. Owing to the large focal length of 100 m of the lens and the mirror, the optics and detector will be placed on two separate spacecrafts flying in formation in a high elliptical orbit. R&D work to enable the lens focusing technology and to develop the required focal plane detector is currently underway, financed by ASI, CNES, ESA, and the Spanish Ministery of Education and Science. The GRI mission is proposed as class M mission for ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 program. GRI will allow studies of particle acceleration processes and explosion physics in unprecedented detail, providing essential clues on the innermost nature of the most violent and most energetic processes in the Universe.
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