We have assembled a sample of halo stars in the solar neighborhood to look for halo substructure in velocity and angular momentum space. Our sample includes red giants, RR Lyrae, and red horizontal branch stars within 2.5 kpc of the Sun with [Fe/H] less than -1.0. It was chosen to include stars with accurate distances, space velocities, and metallicities as well as well-quantified errors. We confirm the existence of the streams found by Helmi and coworkers, which we refer to as the H99 streams. These streams have a double-peaked velocity distribution in the z direction. We use the results of modeling of the H99 streams by Helmi and collaborators to test how one might use v_z velocity information and radial velocity information to detect kinematic substructure in the halo. We find that detecting the H99 streams with radial velocities alone would require a large sample. We use the velocity distribution of the H99 streams to estimate their age. From our model of the progenitor of the H99 streams, we determine that it was accreted between 6 and 9 Gyr ago. The H99 streams have [alpha/Fe] abundances similar to other halo stars in the solar neighborhood, suggesting that the gas that formed these stars were enriched mostly by Type II SNe. We have also discovered in angular momentum space two other possible substructures, which we refer to as the retrograde and prograde outliers. The retrograde outliers are likely to be halo substructure, but the prograde outliers are most likely part of the smooth halo. The retrograde outliers have significant structure in the v_phi direction and show a range of [alpha/Fe]. The methods presented in this paper can be used to exploit the kinematic information present in future large databases like RAVE, SDSSII/SEGUE, and Gaia.
Earth-mass dark halos are torn into dark mini-streams by stars
有希望的中性伴子暗物质粒子一般凝聚成许多地球质量的暗晕与较小的子结构抑制自由流\cite{berezinsky}。最近的{ \it Letter to Nature} \cite{moore}声称，这些在红移60- 26处出现的0.01pc大小的致密晕在星系内很少被破坏，因此距离地球约0.1pc的最近晕在湮灭动力的伽马射线中是明亮的，但无法直接探测到。然而，大多数到达太阳附近的迷你晕应该经历银河系盘和凸起中单个恒星的强烈脉冲，并且在哈勃时间内被撕裂成pc长的潮汐流，只有适度的过密度，减少了间接湮灭信号。每一个世纪，迷你流都会横扫整个太阳系，留下方向和时间的特征，以便直接搜索中性伴子。
The small-scale structure of the Magellanic Stream
我们已经绘制了两个地区在麦哲伦流的北端中性氢21厘米发射使用阿雷西博望远镜。新的数据被用来研究远离麦哲伦云的银河流的形态和性质，以及提供对星系晕性质的间接约束。我们调查禁闭机制的流云，并得出结论，这些云不能重力约束或自由膨胀。最可能的云约束机制是来自热星系晕气体的压力支持。这使得我们可以对晕密度设定一个上限：n（15 kpc）= 10 ^-3 cm ^-3和/或n（45 kpc）= 3 x 10 ^-4 cm ^-3，具体取决于距离。这些值明显高于等温分层Halo的预测值。
Detection of H-alpha emission from the Magellanic Stream: evidence for an extended gaseous Galactic halo
我们分别探测到了表面亮度为$0.37 \pm 0.02$ Raylewald、$0.21 \pm 0.04$ R和$0.20 \pm 0.02$ R的微弱、漫射H $αemission from several points along the Magellanic Stream, using the Rutgers Fabry--Perot Interferometer at the CTIO 1.5-m telescope. At points on the leading edges of the H I clouds MS II, MS III, and MS IV, we detect H$ α发射，对应于1.0到0.5 \cmsixpc的发射测量值。我们已经观察到MS IV浓度附近的几个位置，并发现最强的发射是在尖锐的前缘密度梯度。在远离梯度的地方发射较少，在MS III和MS IV之间的中间位置，在云的前缘H $αsurface brightness is $ < 0.04 $ R. We attribute the H$ α发射是由于星系晕中电离气体的冲压压力加热了流云。这些观测结果表明，来自晕气体的冲压压力在将流从麦哲伦云中剥离出来的过程中发挥了重要作用。它们还表明在星系晕中存在相对较大密度的气体$n_{\rm H} \sim 10^{-4} cm^{-3}$，其…
