非平衡电子-正电子-光子等离子体的热化
Thermalization of a nonequilibrium electron-positron-photon plasma
摘要：
本文从非平衡组态出发，分析了均匀各向同性电子-正电子-光子等离子体中正、逆二元和三元相互作用在达到渐近热平衡中的重要作用。我们专注于0.1- 10 MeV范围内的能量。我们数值积分的积分-偏微分相对论玻尔兹曼方程与精确的QED碰撞积分考虑到所有的二元和三元相互作用的等离子体。我们表明，第一，当细致平衡达到所有的二元相互作用的时间尺度$t_{k}\lesssim10^{-14}$秒，光子和电子-正电子对建立动力学平衡。接着，当三重相互作用在时间尺度$t_{eq}\lesssim10^{-12}$ sec上实现细致平衡时，等离子体达到热平衡。结果表明，忽略逆三重相互作用，防止达到热平衡。我们的结果在理论物理领域也发现在天体物理学和宇宙学的应用。
英文摘要：
Starting from a nonequilibrium configuration we analyse the essential role of the direct and the inverse binary and triple interactions in reaching an asymptotic thermal equilibrium in a homogeneous isotropic electron-positron-photon plasma. We focus on energies in the range 0.1--10 MeV. We numerically integrate the integro-partial differential relativistic Boltzmann equation with the exact QED collisional integrals taking into account all binary and triple interactions in the plasma. We show that first, when detailed balance is reached for all binary interactions on a timescale $t_{k}\lesssim10^{-14}$sec, photons and electron-positron pairs establish kinetic equilibrium. Successively, when triple interactions fulfill the detailed balance on a timescale $t_{eq}\lesssim10^{-12}$sec, the plasma reaches thermal equilibrium. It is shown that neglecting the inverse triple interactions prevents reaching thermal equilibrium. Our results obtained in the theoretical physics domain also find application in astrophysics and cosmology.
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