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arXiv 0707.3147astro-ph
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磁化等离子体中的Turbulence模型:对太阳风耗散范围的影响

A Model of Turbulence in Magnetized Plasmas: Implications for the Dissipation Range in the Solar Wind

Gregory G. Howes, Steven C. Cowley, William Dorland, Gregory W. Hammett, Eliot Quataert, Alexander A. Schekochihin

摘要:

本文研究了弱碰撞磁化等离子体中磁能的湍流级联。基于波数空间中局部非线性能量传递、线性传播与非线性相互作用时间的临界平衡以及线性耗散率对非线性湍流等离子体的适用性等假设,提出了一个级联模型。该模型如下的非线性级联的能量从驱动规模在MHD制度,通过在离子拉莫尔半径到动力阿尔芬波制度,其中的湍流耗散的动力学过程的过渡。由于湍流波动的强各向异性,湍流波动保持在低于离子回旋频率的频率,k_parallel << k_perp(由临界平衡暗示)。在此限制下,湍流是最佳的陀螺动力学描述,它表明,陀螺动力学近似是很好地满足典型的慢太阳风参数。波相速度测量是一致的动力学阿尔芬波级联,而不是离子回旋阻尼的发病。建立了回旋级联达到离子回旋频率的条件。级联模型的解决方案意味着碰撞阻尼提供了一个自然的解释观测范围内的光谱指数的耗散范围内的太阳风。预计耗散范围谱呈指数下降;观察中明显的幂律行为可能是仪器灵敏度有限的人为现象。级联模型的动机是一个方案的陀螺运动模拟的湍流和粒子加热的太阳风。

英文摘要:

This paper studies the turbulent cascade of magnetic energy in weakly collisional magnetized plasmas. A cascade model is presented, based on the assumptions of local nonlinear energy transfer in wavenumber space, critical balance between linear propagation and nonlinear interaction times, and the applicability of linear dissipation rates for the nonlinearly turbulent plasma. The model follows the nonlinear cascade of energy from the driving scale in the MHD regime, through the transition at the ion Larmor radius into the kinetic Alfven wave regime, in which the turbulence is dissipated by kinetic processes. The turbulent fluctuations remain at frequencies below the ion cyclotron frequency due to the strong anisotropy of the turbulent fluctuations, k_parallel << k_perp (implied by critical balance). In this limit, the turbulence is optimally described by gyrokinetics; it is shown that the gyrokinetic approximation is well satisfied for typical slow solar wind parameters. Wave phase velocity measurements are consistent with a kinetic Alfven wave cascade and not the onset of ion cyclotron damping. The conditions under which the gyrokinetic cascade reaches the ion cyclotron frequency are established. Cascade model solutions imply that collisionless damping provides a natural explanation for the observed range of spectral indices in the dissipation range of the solar wind. The dissipation range spectrum is predicted to be an exponential fall off; the power-law behavior apparent in observations may be an artifact of limited instrumental sensitivity. The cascade model is motivated by a programme of gyrokinetic simulations of turbulence and particle heating in the solar wind.

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