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arXiv 0707.3141astro-ph
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z~6类星体的CO辐射性质

The Nature of CO Emission From z~6 Quasars

Desika Narayanan, Yuexing Li, Thomas J. Cox, Lars Hernquist, Philip Hopkins, Sukanya Chakrabarti, Romeel Dave, Tiziana Di Matteo, Liang Gao, Craig Kulesa, Brant… 展开作者

Desika Narayanan, Yuexing Li, Thomas J. Cox, Lars Hernquist, Philip Hopkins, Sukanya Chakrabarti, Romeel Dave, Tiziana Di Matteo, Liang Gao, Craig Kulesa, Brant Robertson, Christopher Walker

摘要:

本文将非LTE辐射转移计算与LCDM宇宙学模拟中自然产生的并合驱动的z~6类星体形成模型相结合,研究了z ~ 6类星体CO辐射的性质。我们考虑了四个形成于10^12-10^13 M_sun晕中的模型类星体,它们来自不同的合并历史。我们的主要结果如下。由于大规模的恒星爆发和致密气体进入合并星系的核区域,CO被高度激发,流量密度在J=5-8之间达到峰值。z~6类星体的CO形态经常表现出多个发射峰,这些发射峰是由尚未完全合并的H2浓度引起的。z~6处的类星体显示出大范围的视缐相关线宽,当与类星体相关的旋转H2气体被正面观察时(当L_B最大时),这些线宽是最西的,而当气体被侧面观察时(当L_B最低时),这些线宽是最宽的。因此,对于所有的模型存在的选择效应,这样的类星体选择的光学光度优先面临的,这可能会导致检测到的CO线宽窄于中位数。视线平均线宽反映了主晕的圆速度(V_c),其变化范围为σ ~300-650 km/s。对于光学选择的类星体,10-25%(视晕质量而定)的视线具有窄线宽,与z>6的唯一CO探测兼容,J1148+5251。当同时考虑CO谱线宽度的时间演化和晕V_c的红移演化时,这些模型自洽地解释了z~2亚毫米星系和类星体的CO谱线宽度。最后,从视线平均线宽得到的动力学质量提供了一个很好的总质量的估计,并允许一个恒星的隆起和SMBH符合当地的M_BH-M_bulge关系。[删节]

英文摘要:

We investigate the nature of CO emission from z~6 quasars by combining non-LTE radiative transfer calculations with merger-driven models of z~6 quasar formation that arise naturally in LCDM cosmological simulations. We consider four model quasars formed in 10^12-10^13 M_sun halos from different merging histories. Our main results follow. Owing to massive starbursts and funneling of dense gas into the nuclear regions of merging galaxies, the CO is highly excited and the flux density peaks between J=5-8. The CO morphology of z~6 quasars often exhibits multiple emission peaks which arise from H2 concentrations which have not yet fully coalesced. Quasars at z~6 display a large range of sightline dependent line widths such that the lines are narrowest when the rotating H2 gas associated with the quasar is viewed face-on (when L_B is largest), and broadest when the gas is seen edge-on (when L_B is lowest). Thus for all models selection effects exist such that quasars selected for optical luminosity are preferentially face-on which may result in detected CO line widths narrower than the median. The sightline averaged line width is reflective of the circular velocity (V_c) of the host halo, and ranges from sigma~300-650 km/s. For optically selected QSOs, 10-25% (halo-mass dependant) of sightlines have narrow line widths compatible with the sole CO detection at z>6, J1148+5251. When accounting for both the temporal evolution of CO line widths, as well as the redshift evolution of halo V_c, these models self-consistently account for the CO line widths of both z~2 sub-mm galaxies and QSO's. Finally, the dynamical mass derived from the sightline averaged line widths provides a good estimate of the total mass, and allows for a stellar bulge and SMBH consistent with the local M_BH-M_bulge relation. [abridged]

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