围绕M矮星的新行星：揭示系外行星和恒星质量之间的相关性
A New Planet Around an M Dwarf: Revealing a Correlation Between Exoplanets and Stellar Mass
摘要：
我们报告精确的多普勒测量GJ 317（M3.5V），揭示了存在一个行星的最小质量Msini = 1.2 Mjup在偏心，692.9天的轨道。GJ 317是第三颗被多普勒探测到的M矮星。单开普勒拟合的残差显示了可能存在第二个轨道伴星的证据。加入一颗额外的行星（P = 2700天，Msini = 0.83 Mjup）可以显著提高拟合质量，将均方根从12.5 m/s降低到6.32 m/s。假警报测试产生了1.1%的概率，即单行星拟合残差中的曲率是由于随机波动造成的，这为双行星模型提供了额外的可信度。然而，我们的数据只在很小程度上限制了两颗行星的拟合，需要进一步的监测来充分表征第二颗行星的特性。为了研究恒星质量对类木行星发生的影响，我们结合了M星、太阳质量矮星和中等质量次巨星的样本。我们发现恒星质量与2.5 AU内类木行星的出现率之间存在正相关关系;我们样本中的前A型恒星比M型矮星拥有巨行星的可能性高出近5倍。我们的分析表明，类木行星的出现和恒星质量之间的相关性仍然存在，即使在占恒星金属丰度的影响。
英文摘要：
We report precise Doppler measurements of GJ317 (M3.5V) that reveal the presence of a planet with a minimum mass Msini = 1.2 Mjup in an eccentric, 692.9 day orbit. GJ317 is only the third M dwarf with a Doppler-detected Jovian planet. The residuals to a single-Keplerian fit show evidence of a possible second orbital companion. The inclusion of an additional Jupiter-mass planet (P = 2700 days, Msini = 0.83 Mjup) improves the quality of fit significantly, reducing the rms from 12.5 m/s to 6.32 m/s. A false-alarm test yields a 1.1% probability that the curvature in the residuals of the single-planet fit is due to random fluctuations, lending additional credibility to the two-planet model. However, our data only marginally constrain a two-planet fit and further monitoring is necessary to fully characterize the properties of the second planet. To study the effect of stellar mass on Jovian planet occurrence we combine our samples of M stars, Solar-mass dwarfs and intermediate-mass subgiants. We find a positive correlation between stellar mass and the occurrence rate of Jovian planets within 2.5 AU; the former A-type stars in our sample are nearly 5 times more likely than the M dwarfs to harbor a giant planet. Our analysis shows that the correlation between Jovian planet occurrence and stellar mass remains even after accounting for the effects of stellar metallicity.
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