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arXiv 0707.2252astro-ph
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分子云的快速坍缩和演化

On the Rapid Collapse and Evolution of Molecular Clouds

Bruce G. Elmegreen

摘要:

恒星的形成通常比双极扩散时间快,这表明有几个过程短路了延迟,并促进了快速坍缩。这些过程被认为是在这里,包括在外部的巨分子云(GMC)的核心和GMC信封的湍流压缩,GMC核心的形成在一个最初的超临界状态,和压缩诱导的触发分散GMC信封。恒星形成的时间尺度相关的经典问题得到解决:高分子分数,低效率,CO和HCN的消耗时间长,快速GMC核心中断和缺乏一个稳定的核心,长的绝对但短的相对时间尺度与加速恒星形成,和原恒星的缓慢运动。我们考虑了电离分数、宇宙射线电离率和密度大于~10^5 cm^{-3}的各种尘埃性质的密度依赖性变化对坍缩的刺激。我们倾向于亚临界GMC超新星的标准模型,并认为如果不是GMC核心中快速恒星形成的破坏,它们将是长寿的。GMC的生命周期由哈勃遗产图像M51的螺旋臂部分说明,显示了GMC形成,恒星形成,GMC中断与延迟触发恒星形成,以及信封分散。在旋臂尘埃带和恒星形成之间没有延迟;经典的概念是由于尘埃带中的大量灭绝和在云扩散过程中触发的恒星形成。不同模式的恒星形成的IMF的差异被认为是。

英文摘要:

Stars generally form faster than the ambipolar diffusion time, suggesting that several processes short circuit the delay and promote a rapid collapse. These processes are considered here, including turbulence compression in the outer parts of giant molecular cloud (GMC) cores and GMC envelopes, GMC core formation in an initially supercritical state, and compression-induced triggering in dispersing GMC envelopes. The classical issues related to star formation timescales are addressed: high molecular fractions, low efficiencies, long consumption times for CO and HCN, rapid GMC core disruption and the lack of a stable core, long absolute but short relative timescales with accelerated star formation, and the slow motions of protostars. We consider stimuli to collapse from changes in the density dependence of the ionization fraction, the cosmic ray ionization rate, and various dust properties at densities above ~10^5 cm^{-3}. We favor the standard model of subcritical GMC envelops and suggest they would be long lived if not for disruption by rapid star formation in GMC cores. The lifecycle of GMCs is illustrated by a spiral arm section in the Hubble Heritage image of M51, showing GMC formation, star formation, GMC disruption with lingering triggered star formation, and envelope dispersal. There is no delay between spiral arm dustlanes and star formation; the classical notion results from heavy extinction in the dust lane and triggered star formation during cloud dispersal. Differences in the IMF for the different modes of star formation are considered.

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