宇宙学观测量到暗动力学的映射
Mapping Cosmological Observables to the Dark Kinetics
摘要：
系统地研究了宇宙微波背景（CMB）和大尺度结构（LSS）中的哪些特征探测了暗扇区（包括中微子、暗物质和暗能量）的各种非均匀性质。我们强调，并量化的简单公式，初级CMB各向异性是非常敏感的引力势在视界进入，在重组。因此，宇宙微波背景使我们能够扫描Φ+ λ和所有红移z~1-10^5的暗动力学。另一方面，LSS在低红移时对Φ的响应最强。暗扰动通常由各向异性应力和有效声速（刚度）参数化。我们发现，暗各向异性应力和刚度的影响可见物种在相应的早期和晚期的水平进入阶段，并影响较强的CMB和LSS。宇宙微波背景对于探测只有在进入视界时才能探测到的轻中微子和暗能量的刚性扰动仍然是必不可少的。深色物种的聚集和它们的不均匀性的大传播速度也映射到CMB和LSS中的独特特征。- 假设广义相对论的暗动力学特征的任何参数化都可以有效地适应任何保留可见扇区等效原理的修正引力（MG）。这意味着形式上的非标准结构增长或Φ/Φ比虽然是指示性的，但不是确定的MG特征。MG的决定性特征可能包括明显的暗动力学对可见物质的强烈依赖，它的超光度，以及引力波的非标准现象。
英文摘要：
We study systematically which features in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and large-scale structure (LSS) probe various inhomogeneous properties of the dark sectors (including neutrinos, dark matter, and dark energy). We stress, and quantify by simple formulas, that the primary CMB anisotropies are very susceptible to the gravitational potentials during horizon entry, less at recombination. The CMB thus allows us to scan Φ+Ψand the underlying dark kinetics for all redshifts z~1-10^5. LSS, on the other hand, responds strongest to Φat low redshifts. Dark perturbations are often parameterized by the anisotropic stress and effective sound speed (stiffness). We find that the dark anisotropic stress and stiffness influence the visible species at the correspondingly early and late stages of horizon entry, and affect stronger respectively the CMB and LSS. The CMB yet remains essential to probing the stiff perturbations of light neutrinos and dark energy, detectable only during horizon entry. The clustering of dark species and large propagation speed of their inhomogeneities also map to distinctive features in the CMB and LSS. -Any parameterization of the signatures of dark kinetics that assumes general relativity can effectively accommodate any modified gravity (MG) that retains the equivalence principle for the visible sectors. This implies that formally the nonstandard structure growth or Φ/Ψratio, while indicative, are not definitive MG signatures. The definitive signatures of MG may include the strong dependence of the apparent dark dynamics on visible species, its superluminality, and the nonstandard phenomenology of gravitational waves.
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